1.
terrain, topography, landform
The physical features and shape of the land surface, including mountains, valleys, plains, and coastlines.
この地域は複雑な地形をしている。
This area has complex terrain.
地形図を見ながらルートを決めた。
We decided on a route while looking at a topographic map.
日本は山が多い地形のため、平地が少なく、人口が狭い地域に集中しやすい。
Because Japan's terrain is predominantly mountainous, flat land is scarce and the population tends to concentrate in small areas.
USAGE:
A common word in geography, military strategy, urban planning, and outdoor activities like hiking. Often used when discussing why cities or settlements developed in particular locations, or when explaining natural disaster risks.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 地形図: topographic map
- 地形を利用する: to utilize the terrain
- 複雑な地形: complex terrain
- 地形の変化: changes in terrain
- 平坦な地形: flat terrain
SIMILAR WORDS:
地形 refers to the physical shape of the land. 地勢 is a more formal synonym used in academic contexts. 地理 (geography) is broader, covering both physical and human geography.