1.
complicated, complex
Having many interconnected parts or aspects, difficult to understand or analyze.
Human relationships are complicated, and it's not easy to understand how others feel.
複雑 is a na-adjective meaning complicated or complex.
FORMS:
- 複雑な + noun: a complicated ~
- 複雑だ/です: is complicated
- 複雑に: in a complicated way
- 複雑さ: complexity (noun form)
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 複雑な問題: a complex problem
- 複雑な気持ち: mixed/complicated feelings
- 複雑な関係: complicated relationship
- 複雑な手続き: complex procedures
ANTONYMS:
- 簡単: simple, easy
- 単純: simple, straightforward (emphasizes lack of complexity)
ETYMOLOGY:
複 (multiple) + 雑 (miscellaneous) — many mixed elements intertwined.