(きわ)める

きわめる
verb (ichidan)
to investigate thoroughly; to master
他動詞 transitiveformalcognition
See also: (きわ)める (master, reach extreme (極))
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(きわ)める(きわ)めない
Present polite(きわ)めます(きわ)めません
Past(きわ)めた(きわ)めなかった
Past polite(きわ)めました(きわ)めませんでした
て form(きわ)めて(きわ)めなくて
ている present(きわ)めている(きわ)めていない
ている polite(きわ)めています(きわ)めていません
ている past(きわ)めていた(きわ)めていなかった
ている past polite(きわ)めていました(きわ)めていませんでした
Conditional ば(きわ)めれば(きわ)めなければ
Conditional たら(きわ)めたら(きわ)めなかったら
Volitional(きわ)めよう
Volitional polite(きわ)めましょう
Potential(きわ)められる(きわ)められない
Passive(きわ)められる(きわ)められない
Causative(きわ)めさせる(きわ)めさせない
Imperative(きわ)めろ(きわ)めるな
1. to investigate thoroughly; to get to the bottom of
To pursue the truth or essence of something through deep study or inquiry. Emphasizes the intellectual process of thorough examination.
真理(しんり)(きわ)める。
To pursue the truth.
We continued the investigation to get to the bottom of the cause.
He was someone who devoted his life to the pursuit of scholarship.
2. to master; to pursue to the utmost
To reach the highest level of skill or understanding in a field or discipline through dedicated practice and study.
茶道(さどう)(きわ)める。
To master the art of tea ceremony.
Mastering martial arts requires years of training.
Mastering a single discipline is not easy, but it brings great joy.

(きわ)める is a transitive ichidan verb.

ASPECT (ている):
(きわ)めている indicates an ongoing pursuit or a state of having mastered something.

Common patterns

  • [subject](きわ)める: to investigate / master something

Common collocations

Similar words

  • (きわ)める: to investigate deeply or master (intellectual/spiritual pursuit)
  • (きわ)める: to reach the extreme or pinnacle (emphasizes the peak or limit)
  • 研究(けんきゅう)する: to research (academic, more neutral)