1.
essay-type; descriptive; free-response format
A test format where students write their own answers in sentences or paragraphs, rather than choosing from given options. Requires the ability to organize and express thoughts in writing.
Compound of 記述 (description/writing) + 式 (style/format). Contrasts with 選択式 / マークシート式 (multiple-choice format) and 穴埋め式 (fill-in-the-blank format). Common collocations: 記述式の問題 (essay-type question), 記述式試験 (essay-type exam). In Japanese education, there has been ongoing debate about introducing more 記述式 questions into university entrance exams.