1.
X-ray photograph; radiograph; X-ray image
The image produced by an X-ray examination. Everyday Japanese for what a doctor or dentist shows you on the screen or lightbox.
レントゲン comes from the name of Wilhelm Röntgen, who discovered X-rays. Japanese kept the discoverer's name where English uses "X-ray."
Usage
In conversation the 写真 is often dropped: レントゲンを撮る means both "to take an X-ray" and, loosely, "to have an X-ray done." The verb is 撮る (to photograph), not 取る.