繰(く)り返(かえ)す

繰(く)り返(かえ)す means to repeat or do again.

Transitivity

• Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)
• No standard intransitive pair
• Pattern: [noun]を繰(く)り返(かえ)す

Forms

• 繰(く)り返(かえ)し (noun): repetition
• 繰(く)り返(かえ)し (adverb): repeatedly
• 繰(く)り返(かえ)される (passive): to be repeated

Common patterns

• 何度(なんど)も繰(く)り返(かえ)す: to repeat many times
• 同(おな)じ間違(まちが)いを繰(く)り返(かえ)す: to repeat the same mistake
• 練習(れんしゅう)を繰(く)り返(かえ)す: to practice repeatedly

FORMS (godan-す):

• 繰(く)り返(かえ)さない (negative)
• 繰(く)り返(かえ)して (te-form)
• 繰(く)り返(かえ)した (past)

Common expressions

歴史(れきし)は繰(く)り返(かえ)す: History repeats itself.

ASPECT (ている):

• 繰(く)り返(かえ)している: is doing ~ repeatedly / keeps doing ~ (habitual/iterative)
• Note: The ている form typically expresses repeated or habitual action rather than a single ongoing event. 同(おな)じ間違(まちが)いを繰(く)り返(かえ)している means "keeps making the same mistake" (over time), not "is in the process of repeating one mistake."