()(かえ)

くりかえし
noun, adverb
repetition; repeatedly
1. repetition, repeating
The act of doing something again, or something that is done multiple times.
()(かえ)しが大切(たいせつ)だ。
Repetition is important.
(おな)失敗(しっぱい)()(かえ)しだ。
It's the same mistake repeated.
歴史(れきし)()(かえ)しだとよく()われる。
It's often said that history repeats itself.
2. repeatedly, over and over
Used adverbially to mean doing something many times.
()(かえ)練習(れんしゅう)する。
Practice repeatedly.
()(かえ)注意(ちゅうい)したのに(なお)らない。
I warned them repeatedly but they won't change.
単語(たんご)()(かえ)(こえ)()して(おぼ)えるのが効果的(こうかてき)だ。
Memorizing vocabulary by saying it aloud repeatedly is effective.

Noun form of the verb ()(かえ)す (to repeat). Functions both as a noun and as an adverb.

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • ()(かえ)し + verb: repeatedly do ~ (adverbial)
  • 〜の()(かえ)し: repetition of ~
  • ()(かえ)しになるが: at the risk of repeating myself

NUANCE: As an adverb, ()(かえ)し emphasizes doing something many times, usually with deliberate effort or persistent recurrence. Can be either positive (diligent practice) or negative (repeating the same mistakes).