1.
chromosome
A thread-like structure of DNA and proteins found in cells that carries genetic information.
人間には46本の染色体がある。
Humans have 46 chromosomes.
染色体異常によって病気が起こる。
Diseases can occur due to chromosome abnormalities.
X染色体とY染色体で性別が決まる。
Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes.
染色体 refers to the thread-like structures in cell nuclei that carry genetic information.
ETYMOLOGY:
染色 (staining) + 体 (body). Named because these structures are easily stained with dyes for microscopic observation.
KEY FACTS:
- Humans have 46 染色体 (23 pairs)
- 22 pairs of 常染色体: autosomes
- 1 pair of 性染色体: sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
RELATED TERMS:
- 遺伝子: gene
- 細胞: cell
- DNA (ディーエヌエー): DNA
- 突然変異: mutation
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 染色体異常: chromosomal abnormality
- 染色体検査: chromosomal testing