1.
end of the Edo period, late Tokugawa era
The final years of the Tokugawa shogunate, roughly from the 1850s to 1868. A turbulent period marked by the arrival of Western powers, internal political upheaval, and the eventual fall of the shogunate leading to the Meiji Restoration.
From the end of the Edo period through the Meiji era, Japan rapidly modernized.
Cultural note
The 幕末 era (roughly 1853–1868) began with the arrival of Commodore Perry's "Black Ships" and ended with the 明治維新 (Meiji Restoration). Key figures of this period — such as 坂本龍馬, 西郷隆盛, and 新選組 — remain enormously popular in Japanese historical fiction, TV dramas, manga, and films.
Common collocations
Related Words
Related:
明治維新 (Meiji Restoration)