無断(むだん)

むだん
noun / adverb
without permission
1. without permission, unauthorized
Doing something without obtaining prior consent or notifying the appropriate person. Used to describe actions taken without the knowledge or approval of others.
無断(むだん)欠席(けっせき)は困(こま)ります。
Unexcused absences are a problem.
無断(むだん)で写真(しゃしん)を撮(と)らないでください。
Please do not take photos without permission.
他人(たにん)の著作物(ちょさくぶつ)を無断(むだん)で転載(てんさい)することは法律(ほうりつ)違反(いはん)になる。
Reposting someone else's work without permission is a legal violation.

WORD FORMATION:
無(む) (without) + 断(だん) (permission/refusal). Literally 'without asking.'

GRAMMAR:

  • 無断(むだん) + noun: noun modifier (無断(むだん)欠席(けっせき))
  • 無断(むだん)で + verb: adverbial (無断(むだん)で使(つか)う)

COMMON COLLOCATIONS:

  • 無断(むだん)欠席(けっせき): unexcused absence
  • 無断(むだん)転載(てんさい): unauthorized reproduction
  • 無断(むだん)使用(しよう): unauthorized use
  • 無断(むだん)駐車(ちゅうしゃ): unauthorized parking
  • 無断(むだん)欠勤(けっきん): absence from work without notice

COMMON CONTEXTS:
Frequently seen on signs (無断(むだん)駐車(ちゅうしゃ)禁止(きんし) — no unauthorized parking) and in workplace rules. Carries a tone of reproach — doing something 無断(むだん)で is generally viewed negatively.

CONTRAST:

  • 無許可(むきょか): without a permit/license (more official/legal)
  • 無断(むだん): without telling/asking (interpersonal)
general
Added 2026.2.24 20:07 · Revised 2026.4.1 18:07
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