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aikido
A modern Japanese martial art that emphasizes redirecting an attacker's energy through throws and joint locks rather than striking. Founded by Ueshiba Morihei in the early 20th century.
Forms
合 (harmony) + 気 (spirit/energy) + 道 (way/path)
Cultural note
Founded by 植芝盛平 (1883-1969). Aikido is distinctive among martial arts for its philosophy of nonviolence — the goal is to neutralize an attack without harming the attacker. Unlike 柔道 or 空手道, aikido does not have formal competitions. Practice (稽古) is done with a partner, taking turns as attacker (受け) and defender (取り). Aikido has a strong international following.