〜上(じょう)

じょう
suffix
from the standpoint of; in terms of; on
formalgrammatical
1. from the standpoint of; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned
Attached to a Sino-Japanese noun to name the perspective from which a statement holds: 法律上(ほうりつじょう) (legally speaking), 仕事上(しごとじょう) (in the course of work). Common in formal writing and business speech.
法律上(ほうりつじょう)の問題(もんだい)はない。
There is no legal problem.
仕事上(しごとじょう)のつきあいで飲(の)みに行(い)った。
I went out drinking as a work obligation.
性質上(せいしつじょう)、この薬(くすり)は冷蔵庫(れいぞうこ)で保管(ほかん)する必要(ひつよう)がある。
By its nature, this medicine must be kept in the refrigerator.
予算上(よさんじょう)の制約(せいやく)があるため、今年度(こんねんど)は新(あたら)しい機械(きかい)を買(か)えない。
Because of budgetary constraints, we cannot buy new machinery this fiscal year.

Attaches directly to a Sino-Japanese noun with no particle. The resulting word behaves as a noun: it takes の before another noun (法律上(ほうりつじょう)の問題(もんだい)) and can stand adverbially at the head of a clause (性質上(せいしつじょう)、…).

Common collocations

  • 仕事上(しごとじょう): in the course of work
  • 法律上(ほうりつじょう): legally, in legal terms
  • 健康上(けんこうじょう): for health reasons
  • 計算上(けいさんじょう): by calculation, on paper
  • 都合上(つごうじょう): for reasons of convenience or circumstance

Similar words

  • 〜的(てき)に: -ally — attaches more freely and is far less formal
  • 〜面(めん)で: in the aspect of — points to one facet among several rather than a viewpoint
general
Added 2026.8.4 3:21 · Revised 2026.9.2 13:02
30000/30365_jou