堪(こた)える

こたえる
verb (ichidan)
to hold out; to withstand; to endure
自動詞 intransitiveformalaction
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present堪(こた)える堪(こた)えない
Present polite堪(こた)えます堪(こた)えません
Past堪(こた)えた堪(こた)えなかった
Past polite堪(こた)えました堪(こた)えませんでした
て form堪(こた)えて堪(こた)えなくて
ている present堪(こた)えている堪(こた)えていない
ている polite堪(こた)えています堪(こた)えていません
ている past堪(こた)えていた堪(こた)えていなかった
ている past polite堪(こた)えていました堪(こた)えていませんでした
Conditional ば堪(こた)えれば堪(こた)えなければ
Conditional たら堪(こた)えたら堪(こた)えなかったら
Volitional堪(こた)えよう—
Volitional polite堪(こた)えましょう—
Potential堪(こた)えられる堪(こた)えられない
Passive堪(こた)えられる堪(こた)えられない
Causative堪(こた)えさせる堪(こた)えさせない
Imperative堪(こた)えろ堪(こた)えるな
1. to hold out; to withstand; to endure
To keep standing under pressure, attack, or hardship without giving way. Somewhat literary on its own; most learners meet it inside the compound verb 持(も)ち堪(こた)える.
They held out well against the enemy's attack.
The old bridge withstood the typhoon winds.
It is precisely because they held out through the hard times that they are successful now.

Transitivity: Intransitive. The thing withstood is marked with に (攻撃(こうげき)に堪(こた)える), and the one holding out is the subject.

Usage

On its own the verb sounds formal or written. In ordinary speech it appears mainly in 持(も)ち堪(こた)える (to hold out, to weather something), which is far more common.

Similar words

  • 堪(こら)える: to endure; to hold back — the same kanji read こらえる, used of putting up with pain or suppressing tears and anger
  • 耐(た)える: to bear; to withstand — the everyday word for enduring hardship or for a material standing up to stress

NOTE ON こたえる:
The こたえる of 寒(さむ)さが身(み)にこたえる ('the cold really gets to me') is a different verb, usually written 応(こた)える or in kana. Do not confuse it with this one.