霜 refers to frost - ice crystals that form on cold surfaces.
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 霜が降りる (frost forms/falls)
- 霜がつく (frost forms on something)
- 霜に当たる (to be exposed to frost)
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 初霜 (first frost of the season)
- 霜柱 (frost columns/needles in soil)
- 霜焼け (frostbite, chilblains)
- 霜除け (frost protection)
SEASONAL NOTE:
霜 is associated with late autumn and winter. 霜月 is an old name for November.