1.
proof, verification, certification
Evidence or documentation that establishes the truth of something.
証明する is commonly used as a する-verb meaning "to prove" or "to certify."
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 証明書 (certificate, proof document)
- 身分証明書 (ID card)
- 卒業証明書 (graduation certificate)
- 在籍証明書 (certificate of enrollment)
- 証明を求める (to demand proof)
HOMOPHONE NOTE:
証明 (proof) vs 照明 (lighting) - same reading, different meaning.