1.
proof, verification, certification
Evidence or documentation that establishes the truth of something.
身分証明書を見せてください。
Please show me your ID.
彼の無罪を証明するのは難しい。
It is difficult to prove his innocence.
この写真が彼がそこにいた証明になる。
This photo is proof that he was there.
証明する is commonly used as a する-verb meaning "to prove" or "to certify."
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 証明書 (certificate, proof document)
- 身分証明書 (ID card)
- 卒業証明書 (graduation certificate)
- 在籍証明書 (certificate of enrollment)
- 証明を求める (to demand proof)
HOMOPHONE NOTE:
証明 (proof) vs 照明 (lighting) - same reading, different meaning.