起伏(きふく)

きふく
noun, suru verb
ups and downs; undulation
1. undulation; rise and fall (terrain)
Physical variation in height, such as hills and valleys in landscape or waves.
起伏(きふく)のある地形(ちけい)を歩(ある)く。
To walk across undulating terrain.
2. ups and downs; vicissitudes
Figurative variation or fluctuation, such as emotional changes or life circumstances.
人生(じんせい)は起伏(きふく)に富(と)んでいる。
Life is full of ups and downs.
感情(かんじょう)の起伏(きふく)が激(はげ)しい。
Their emotions fluctuate intensely.

起伏(きふく) combines 起(き) (rise) and 伏(ふく) (fall/lie down).

PHYSICAL USAGE:

  • 起伏(きふく)のある道(みち): undulating road
  • 起伏(きふく)に富(と)む地形(ちけい): terrain rich in elevation changes

FIGURATIVE USAGE:

  • 感情(かんじょう)の起伏(きふく): emotional ups and downs
  • 人生(じんせい)の起伏(きふく): life's vicissitudes
  • 起伏(きふく)に富(と)む物語(ものがたり): story full of twists
general
Added 2026.1.16 23:51 · Revised 2026.1.19 21:17
05500/05921_kifuku