1.
robust
robust; solid; sturdy; strongly built
この城は堅牢な造りだ。
This castle has a solid construction.
堅牢な守備で敵の攻撃を防いだ。
They blocked the enemy attack with a solid defense.
このシステムは堅牢なセキュリティを備えている。
This system is equipped with robust security.
堅牢 is a na-adjective combining 堅い (hard, firm) + 牢 (solid, strong), describing something that is extremely sturdy and resistant to damage or attack.
FORMS:
- Attributive: 堅牢な + noun
- Predicate: 堅牢だ/である
- Adverbial: 堅牢に
USAGE CONTEXTS:
- Physical structures: castles, buildings, walls
- Defenses: military, sports
- Systems: IT security, infrastructure
- Abstract: arguments, positions
REGISTER: Formal/written. Common in technical and literary contexts.
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 頑丈 (sturdy, tough - more everyday)
- 丈夫 (durable, strong - neutral)
- 強固 (firm, solid - abstract)