原形(げんけい)

げんけい
noun
original form; base form
See also: 原型(げんけい) (prototype)
1. original form, original shape
The form or shape that something had before being altered, damaged, or transformed.
建物(たてもの)は原形(げんけい)をとどめていない。
The building no longer retains its original form.
災害(さいがい)で街(まち)は原形(げんけい)をとどめないほど破壊(はかい)された。
The disaster destroyed the town beyond recognition.
The excavated pottery was badly damaged, and it took a long time to restore its original form.
2. base form, dictionary form (grammar)
The uninflected or citation form of a word, especially a verb or adjective.
Give the base form of the verb.
「食(た)べた」の原形(げんけい)は「食(た)べる」だ。
The base form of 'tabeta' is 'taberu.'
In English, the base form of a verb basically follows 'to.'

Usage

Sense 1 frequently appears in the expression 原形(げんけい)をとどめない (to not retain one's original form), describing severe damage or transformation. Sense 2 is a grammatical term used in language education.

Common collocations

  • 原形(げんけい)をとどめない: to be unrecognizable from the original
  • 原形(げんけい)をとどめる: to retain the original form
  • 原形(げんけい)を復元(ふくげん)する: to restore the original form
  • 動詞(どうし)の原形(げんけい): base form of a verb

Similar words

原形(げんけい) refers to the original shape or base form. 原型(げんけい) (same reading, different kanji) means prototype or archetype — the model from which copies are made. 元(もと)の形(かたち) is a more casual way to say "original shape."