かかる
かかる
verb (godan)
to take (time); to cost; to hang; to catch (an illness)
See also:
かける (transitive)
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | かかる | かからない |
| Present polite | かかります | かかりません |
| Past | かかった | かからなかった |
| Past polite | かかりました | かかりませんでした |
| て form | かかって | かからなくて |
| ている present | かかっている | かかっていない |
| ている polite | かかっています | かかっていません |
| ている past | かかっていた | かかっていなかった |
| ている past polite | かかっていました | かかっていませんでした |
| Conditional ば | かかれば | かからなければ |
| Conditional たら | かかったら | かからなかったら |
| Volitional | かかろう | — |
| Volitional polite | かかりましょう | — |
| Potential | かかれる | かかれない |
| Passive | かかられる | かかられない |
| Causative | かからせる | かからせない |
| Imperative | かかれ | かかるな |
1.
to take (time)
Of a task or journey, to take a certain amount of time. The time is the subject (が, or no particle with a bare amount) and the activity takes に: 駅まで十分かかる, 読むのに三日かかる.
2.
to cost (money)
To cost or require money. The amount or お金 is the subject and the thing paid for takes に: 修理に五万円かかる. Unlike 払う, the cost happens to you rather than being something you do.
3.
to hang; to hang over; to span
To be hanging or suspended (a picture on a wall, a coat on a hook); of clouds, mist or a shadow, to hang over or veil something; of a bridge, to span a river. Pattern: YにXがかかる, usually as the state かかっている.
4.
to be locked; to start (of an engine, music)
The intransitive side of かける in its 'set going' senses: a lock is on (鍵がかかる), an engine starts (エンジンがかかる), music is playing (音楽がかかる), the brakes come on, a spell takes hold.
5.
(of a phone call) to come in
Of a telephone call, to come in. Usually 電話がかかってくる, from the point of view of the person receiving it; the caller's side is 電話をかける.
If a call comes from a number you don't know, it's better not to answer.
The phone hasn't stopped ringing since this morning, and I'm getting no work done at all.
6.
to fall on; to splash on; to burden
Of a liquid, to splash or land on something (水がかかる); of trouble, cost or strain, to fall on someone or something (迷惑がかかる, 負担がかかる). The person or thing affected takes に.
7.
to catch (an illness); to see (a doctor)
To come down with an illness (病気にかかる; also written 罹る), and with 医者, to see or be treated by a doctor (医者にかかる). For a cold, 風邪をひく is the usual verb.
To avoid catching the flu, I wash my hands well whenever I come home.
8.
to set about, to start on (a task)
To set about or get down to a task (仕事にかかる, 取りかかる). After a て-form it means to approach something with a given attitude: なめてかかる (underestimate from the start), 疑ってかかる (be suspicious from the outset).
If you assume your opponent is weak and don't take them seriously, you'll lose.
Before we start on the new job, let's check the overall schedule first.
9.
to depend on (〜にかかっている)
In the pattern Xにかかっている, to depend or rest on X: an outcome, someone's future, a decision. The subject is usually a result or a question such as 〜かどうか (whether ...).
Transitivity
- Type: 自動詞 (intransitive)
- Pair: かける (transitive): 鍵をかける → 鍵がかかる
- Pattern: Xがかかる; with a cost or a duration, (activity)にXがかかる
Writing
Usually written in kana. The kanji depend on the sense:
- 掛かる: most senses (take, cost, hang, be locked, set about)
- 架かる: span, as in 橋が架かる
- 罹る: catch an illness, as in 病気に罹る
- 係る: depend on, concern (formal writing)
Common patterns
- 修理にお金がかかる: the repair costs money (the activity takes に, the cost takes が)
- 読むのに三日かかる: after a verb, add のに; a bare amount needs no particle
- 電話がかかってくる: a call comes in
- 病気にかかる, 医者にかかる: fall ill; see a doctor
- 仕事にかかる, 取りかかる: set to work
- Xにかかっている: depend on X
- 魚が針にかかる, 罠にかかる: be caught on a hook, in a trap
ASPECT (ている):
かかっている usually describes a state: 鍵がかかっている (it is locked), 壁に絵がかかっている (a picture hangs on the wall), 音楽がかかっている (music is playing). With time or money it can describe an ongoing cost: 毎月お金がかかっている.