そうした

A pre-noun adjectival that refers to something previously mentioned, modifying the following noun. Derived from そう (like that) + した (past form of する). Functions like "that kind of" or "such" and refers to something slightly more removed from the speaker than こうした.

Usage

• Always precedes a noun: そうした + noun
• Refers to something previously mentioned in the conversation or text
• Common in news reporting, essays, and formal discussion
• Cannot be used as a predicate — only as a modifier

Common collocations

• そうした中(なか)で: amid such circumstances
• そうした意味(いみ)で: in that sense
• そうした事情(じじょう): such circumstances
• そうした背景(はいけい): against such a background

Similar words

• こうした: this kind of — refers to something closer or just demonstrated by the speaker
• そのような: that kind of — more formal and explicit; interchangeable in most contexts
• そういった: that sort of — slightly more casual than そうした
• かかる: such — literary/legal; very formal equivalent