こうした
こうした
pre-noun adjectival
such; this kind of; like this
1.
such; this kind of; like this
Refers to something that has just been described or demonstrated, modifying the following noun.
こうした問題は珍しくない。
Problems like this are not uncommon.
こうした状況では、冷静に判断することが大切だ。
In a situation like this, it is important to judge calmly.
こうした取り組みが地域の活性化につながると期待されている。
Efforts like these are expected to lead to the revitalization of the local area.
A pre-noun adjectival that refers back to something previously mentioned or described. It functions like "this kind of" or "such" and always modifies a following noun directly. Derived from こう (like this) + した (past form of する), literally "that has become like this."
USAGE:
- Always precedes a noun: こうした + noun
- Refers to something already mentioned or contextually obvious
- Common in news, essays, and formal speech
- Cannot be used as a predicate — only as a modifier
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- こうした問題: problems like this
- こうした状況: a situation like this
- こうした背景: against this kind of background
- こうした中で: amid such circumstances
SIMILAR WORDS:
- このような: this kind of — more formal and explicit; interchangeable in most contexts
- こういった: this sort of — slightly more casual than こうした
- そうした: that kind of — refers to something more distant or previously described by someone else
- かかる: such — literary/legal; very formal equivalent