まで
まで
particle
until, to, as far as
1.
until, to (time endpoint)
Marks the ending point in time. 五時まで働く (work until 5 o'clock), 明日まで (until tomorrow).
2.
to, as far as (spatial endpoint)
Marks the ending point in space. 駅まで歩く (walk to the station).
3.
even (emphasis)
Emphasizes an extreme or unexpected extent. 彼まで来た (even he came), 子供まで知っている (even children know).
4.
to the extent of
Indicates the degree to which something extends. 泣くまで笑った (laughed until [I] cried).
まで marks an endpoint or limit — in time, space, or degree.
KEY PATTERNS:
- から...まで: from...to (九時から五時まで)
- までに: by (deadline) — 金曜日までに出す (submit by Friday)
- Verb + まで: until someone does something (分かるまで)
まで VS に:
に marks a specific point; まで emphasizes continuation up to that point. 五時まで働く (work until 5) vs 五時に終わる (finish at 5).
'EVEN' USAGE:
As 'even,' まで is stronger than も, implying a surprising or unexpected extreme: 先生まで間違えた (even the teacher got it wrong).