1.
to end, to finish
For something to come to an end. An intransitive verb - the subject ends by itself.
Summer vacation is ending soon, but I'm in trouble because I haven't finished my homework yet.
TRANSITIVITY: 自動詞 (intransitive). Pair: 終える (transitive, to finish something). Pattern: Xが終わる.
ASPECT: ている indicates resulting state. 終わっている = 'has ended/is over' (not 'is ending').
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 授業が終わる (class ends)
- 仕事が終わる (work ends)
- 終わったら〜 (after it ends, ~)
- 〜終わる (finish ~ing - compound verb)
Opposite: 始まる (to begin).
Note: 終わる is godan despite ending in る.