持(も)つ

もつ
verb (godan)
to hold, to have, to carry
他動詞 transitivedaily-life
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present持(も)つ持(も)たない
Present polite持(も)ちます持(も)ちません
Past持(も)った持(も)たなかった
Past polite持(も)ちました持(も)ちませんでした
て form持(も)って持(も)たなくて
ている present持(も)っている持(も)っていない
ている polite持(も)っています持(も)っていません
ている past持(も)っていた持(も)っていなかった
ている past polite持(も)っていました持(も)っていませんでした
Conditional ば持(も)てば持(も)たなければ
Conditional たら持(も)ったら持(も)たなかったら
Volitional持(も)とう—
Volitional polite持(も)ちましょう—
Potential持(も)てる持(も)てない
Passive持(も)たれる持(も)たれない
Causative持(も)たせる持(も)たせない
Imperative持(も)て持(も)つな
1. to hold, to carry
To have something in one's hands or to carry something. Physical possession or holding.
これを持(も)って。
Hold this.
荷物(にもつ)を持(も)ちましょうか。
Shall I carry your luggage?
I hold chopsticks with my right hand.
It's hard to walk while carrying heavy luggage.
Please hold it firmly with both hands. It's dangerous if you drop it.
2. to have, to possess
To own or possess something. 車(くるま)を持(も)っている (to have a car).
傘(かさ)を持(も)っている?
Do you have an umbrella?
車(くるま)を持(も)っていません。
I don't have a car.
This shop has a long history.
He has talent.
There are many buildings with old history in Japan, and it's fun just to look at them.
3. to last, to hold up
For something to remain in good condition or to endure. この電池(でんち)は長(なが)く持(も)つ (this battery lasts long).
This battery lasts long.
この食(た)べ物(もの)は持(も)たない。
This food won't keep.
Milk will keep longer if you put it in the refrigerator.
体力(たいりょく)が持(も)たない。
My stamina won't hold out.
This bread has a short expiration date, so it only lasts about three days.

持(も)つ covers holding something in the hand, carrying it, and owning it. A third sense — of food, batteries, or weather — means to last or hold up.

Transitivity

ASPECT (ている):

  • 持(も)っている is a resulting state, not an action in progress
  • It is the ordinary way to say "has" or "owns," far more common than the plain form for possession

Common patterns

Similar words

  • ある states that something exists; 持(も)つ says who owns or carries it
  • 取(と)る is picking something up; 持(も)つ is having it in hand afterward

Godan verb; the te-form is 持(も)って.

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