1.
whether or not; whether ... or not
An embedded-question particle pattern used to indicate uncertainty about whether something is the case. It introduces a yes/no question as the object of verbs like 知る (to know), 分かる (to understand), 確認する (to confirm), or 決める (to decide).
Attaches directly to a plain-form predicate. With nouns and な-adjectives, drop the だ before かどうか: ✓ 学生かどうか / ✗ 学生だかどうか.
Common patterns
- Verb (plain): 行くかどうか — whether one goes
- い-adjective: 寒いかどうか — whether it's cold
- Noun: 学生かどうか — whether one is a student
- な-adjective: 便利かどうか — whether it's convenient