文 献(ぶんけん)

ぶんけん

noun

literature, references, documents

formalacademic

1. literature, references, scholarly documents

Written works, records, or documents used as sources of information, especially in academic research and historical study.

関連(かんれん)文献(ぶんけん)を調(しら)べた。

I looked into the relevant literature.

参考(さんこう)文献(ぶんけん)のリストを論文(ろんぶん)の末尾(まつび)に付(つ)ける。

Attach a list of references at the end of the paper.

この時代(じだい)については残(のこ)っている文献(ぶんけん)が少(すく)なく、詳(くわ)しいことがわかっていない。

Few documents survive from this period, so little is known in detail.

Usage

Primarily an academic and scholarly term. In research, 参考(さんこう)文献(ぶんけん) (references, bibliography) is the standard term for citing sources. In historical contexts, 文献(ぶんけん) refers to surviving written records.

Common collocations

参考(さんこう)文献(ぶんけん): reference literature, bibliography
関連(かんれん)文献(ぶんけん): related literature
文献(ぶんけん)調査(ちょうさ): literature review, documentary research
歴史(れきし)文献(ぶんけん): historical documents

Similar words

資料(しりょう): materials, data (broader, includes non-written sources)
文書(ぶんしょ): document, written text (individual document, more official)

Related Words

Compare: 資料(しりょう) (materials, data)

Compare: 文書(ぶんしょ) (document, written text)

Compare: 図書(としょ) (books, library books)

Related: 古文書(こもんじょ) (ancient document)

Compare: 史料(しりょう) (historical materials)

general

Added 2026.2.22 21:47 · Revised 2026.9.2 13:01

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