断(だん)ずる

だんずる
verb (irregular)
to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine
他動詞 transitiveformalabstract
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present断(だん)ずる断(だん)じない
Present polite断(だん)じます断(だん)じません
Past断(だん)じた断(だん)じなかった
Past polite断(だん)じました断(だん)じませんでした
て form断(だん)じて断(だん)じなくて
ている present断(だん)じている断(だん)じていない
ている polite断(だん)じています断(だん)じていません
ている past断(だん)じていた断(だん)じていなかった
ている past polite断(だん)じていました断(だん)じていませんでした
Conditional ば断(だん)ずれば断(だん)じなければ
Conditional たら断(だん)じたら断(だん)じなかったら
Volitional断(だん)じよう—
Volitional polite断(だん)じましょう—
Potential断(だん)じられる断(だん)じられない
Passive断(だん)じられる断(だん)じられない
Causative断(だん)じさせる断(だん)じさせない
Imperative断(だん)じろ断(だん)ずるな
1. to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine with conviction
To make a firm judgment or conclusion about something. Carries a strong, decisive nuance — the speaker is stating their conclusion with authority.
有罪(ゆうざい)と断(だん)ずる。
To judge as guilty.
I concluded that his actions were dishonest.
The experts determined the painting to be authentic, and its display at the museum was decided.

A literary and formal verb expressing a decisive judgment. More authoritative than 判断(はんだん)する and often used in legal, academic, and journalistic writing. The ずる conjugation is classical and gives the word a formal, weighty tone.

Forms

Conjugates as a ずる verb (サ変(さへん) variant): 断(だん)ずる → 断(だん)じる (more common modern form) → 断(だん)じて (te-form, also used as an emphatic adverb meaning "absolutely").

Common patterns

  • ~と断(だん)ずる: to conclude that ~
  • ~であると断(だん)じる: to determine that ~ is
  • 断(だん)じて: absolutely, positively (adverbial use)

Similar words

Related words

  • 断(だん)じて許(ゆる)さない: absolutely will not allow — 断(だん)じて as an emphatic adverb