(だん)ずる

だんずる
verb (irregular)
to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine
他動詞 transitiveformalabstract
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(だん)じる(だん)じない
Present polite(だん)じます(だん)じません
Past(だん)じた(だん)じなかった
Past polite(だん)じました(だん)じませんでした
て form(だん)じて(だん)じなくて
ている present(だん)じている(だん)じていない
ている polite(だん)じています(だん)じていません
ている past(だん)じていた(だん)じていなかった
ている past polite(だん)じていました(だん)じていませんでした
Conditional ば(だん)じれば(だん)じなければ
Conditional たら(だん)じたら(だん)じなかったら
Volitional(だん)じよう
Volitional polite(だん)じましょう
Potential(だん)じられる(だん)じられない
Passive(だん)じられる(だん)じられない
Causative(だん)じさせる(だん)じさせない
Imperative(だん)じろ(だん)じるな
1. to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine with conviction
To make a firm judgment or conclusion about something. Carries a strong, decisive nuance — the speaker is stating their conclusion with authority.
有罪(ゆうざい)(だん)ずる。
To judge as guilty.
I concluded that his actions were dishonest.
The experts determined the painting to be authentic, and its display at the museum was decided.

A literary and formal verb expressing a decisive judgment. More authoritative than 判断(はんだん)する and often used in legal, academic, and journalistic writing. The ずる conjugation is classical and gives the word a formal, weighty tone.

Conjugation note

Conjugates as a ずる verb (サ変(さへん) variant): (だん)ずる → (だん)じる (more common modern form) → (だん)じて (te-form, also used as an emphatic adverb meaning "absolutely").

Common patterns

  • (だん)ずる: to conclude that ~
  • である(だん)じる: to determine that ~ is
  • (だん)じて: absolutely, positively (adverbial use)

Similar words

Related words

  • (だん)じて(ゆる)さない: absolutely will not allow — (だん)じて as an emphatic adverb