断ずる
だんずる
verb (ずる)
to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 断じる | 断じない |
| Present polite | 断じます | 断じません |
| Past | 断じた | 断じなかった |
| Past polite | 断じました | 断じませんでした |
| て form | 断じて | 断じなくて |
| ている present | 断じている | 断じていない |
| ている polite | 断じています | 断じていません |
| ている past | 断じていた | 断じていなかった |
| ている past polite | 断じていました | 断じていませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 断じれば | 断じなければ |
| Conditional たら | 断じたら | 断じなかったら |
| Volitional | 断じよう | — |
| Volitional polite | 断じましょう | — |
| Potential | 断じられる | 断じられない |
| Passive | 断じられる | 断じられない |
| Causative | 断じさせる | 断じさせない |
| Imperative | 断じろ | 断じるな |
1.
to conclude; to judge decisively; to determine with conviction
To make a firm judgment or conclusion about something. Carries a strong, decisive nuance — the speaker is stating their conclusion with authority.
有罪と断ずる。
To judge as guilty.
彼の行為は不正であると断じた。
I concluded that his actions were dishonest.
専門家はこの絵画を本物であると断じ、美術館での展示が決まった。
The experts determined the painting to be authentic, and its display at the museum was decided.
A literary and formal verb expressing a decisive judgment. More authoritative than 判断する and often used in legal, academic, and journalistic writing. The ずる conjugation is classical and gives the word a formal, weighty tone.
CONJUGATION NOTE:
Conjugates as a ずる verb (サ変 variant): 断ずる → 断じる (more common modern form) → 断じて (te-form, also used as an emphatic adverb meaning "absolutely").
COMMON PATTERNS:
- ～と断ずる: to conclude that ~
- ～であると断じる: to determine that ~ is
- 断じて: absolutely, positively (adverbial use)
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 判断する: to judge, to decide — more neutral and everyday
- 結論づける: to conclude — focuses on reaching a conclusion
- 決めつける: to jump to conclusions — has a negative nuance of being hasty
RELATED EXPRESSION:
- 断じて許さない: absolutely will not allow — 断じて as an emphatic adverb