単(たん)なる

たんなる
pre-noun adjectival
mere, simple, sheer
grammatical
1. mere, simple
Nothing more than; not important or significant.
これは単(たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん)です。
This is a mere coincidence.
単(たん)なる噂(うわさ)に過(す)ぎない。
It's nothing more than a rumor.
I asked out of mere curiosity.
2. sheer, pure
Complete or absolute.
単(たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん)ではない。
It's not sheer coincidence.
それは単(たん)なる怠慢(たいまん)だ。
That is pure negligence.
It's not that he succeeded through sheer luck alone.

単(たん)なる is a 連体詞(れんたいし) (pre-noun adjective) — it can only appear before a noun and never predicatively.

Common patterns

  • Always modifies a noun directly: 単(たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん) (mere coincidence)
  • Cannot stand alone as a predicate (*これは単(たん)なるだ is ungrammatical)
  • 単(たん)なる + noun: mere/simple ~
  • 単(たん)なる〜に過(す)ぎない: nothing more than ~
  • 単(たん)なる〜ではない: it's not merely ~

Related words