(たん)なる

たんなる
pre-noun adjective
mere, simple, sheer
1. mere, simple
Nothing more than; not important or significant.
これ(たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん)です。
This is a mere coincidence.
It's nothing more than a rumor.
I asked out of mere curiosity.
2. sheer, pure
Complete or absolute.
(たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん)ではない
It's not sheer coincidence.
それ(たん)なる怠慢(たいまん)だ。
That is pure negligence.
It's not that he succeeded through sheer luck alone.

(たん)なる is a 連体詞(れんたいし) (pre-noun adjective) — it can only appear before a noun and never predicatively.

GRAMMAR:

  • Always modifies a noun directly: (たん)なる偶然(ぐうぜん) (mere coincidence)
  • Cannot stand alone as a predicate (*これは(たん)なるだ is ungrammatical)

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • (たん)なる + noun: mere/simple ~
  • (たん)なる〜に()ぎない: nothing more than ~
  • (たん)なる〜ではない: it's not merely ~

RELATED WORDS:

  • (たん)に: merely, simply (adverb form)
  • 単純(たんじゅん)な: simple, uncomplicated (na-adjective)
  • ただの: just, merely (casual equivalent)