()ぎる

すぎる
verb (ichidan)
to pass, to exceed
1. to pass, to go by
For time or a point to pass by.
12()()ぎた。
It's past 12 o'clock.
Time passing
Time passes quickly.
(なつ)()ぎた。
Summer has passed.
期限(きげん)()ぎた。
The deadline has passed.
The storm has passed.
2. to exceed, to go beyond
To go past a limit or boundary.
I noticed after I had passed the station.
Main verb usage: pass by a place
I exceeded the speed limit.
予算(よさん)()ぎてしまった。
I went over budget.
限度(げんど)()ぎる。
To exceed the limit.
We couldn't get in because it exceeded capacity.
3. too much (auxiliary verb)
Attached to verb stems or adjective stems to mean 'too much' or 'excessively.'
()()ぎた。
I ate too much.
Auxiliary usage: verb stem + すぎる
This problem is too difficult.
Auxiliary usage with adjective
()()ぎた。
I drank too much.
It's too expensive to buy.
()()ぎた。
I said too much.
The quantity is too much.

TRANSITIVITY: 自動詞(じどうし) (intransitive) for main verb usage. Pattern: Xが()ぎる (X passes) / Xを()ぎる (pass by X).

ASPECT: ている indicates resulting state. ()ぎている = 'has passed.'

MAIN VERB PATTERNS:

  • 時間(じかん)()ぎる (time passes)
  • (えき)()ぎる (pass a station)
  • 期限(きげん)()ぎる (deadline passes)

AUXILIARY VERB USAGE (very common):

Attach to verb stem (masu-stem) or adjective stem:

  • ()べすぎる (eat too much)
  • ()みすぎる (drink too much)
  • (たか)すぎる (too expensive)
  • (おお)きすぎる (too big)

For な-adjectives, add すぎる directly:

  • (しず)かすぎる (too quiet)

This auxiliary usage is extremely common in daily Japanese.