1.
to pass, to go by
For time or a point to pass by.
2.
to exceed, to go beyond
To go past a limit or boundary.
3.
too much (auxiliary verb)
Attached to verb stems or adjective stems to mean 'too much' or 'excessively.'
TRANSITIVITY: 自動詞 (intransitive) for main verb usage. Pattern: Xが過ぎる (X passes) / Xを過ぎる (pass by X).
ASPECT: ている indicates resulting state. 過ぎている = 'has passed.'
MAIN VERB PATTERNS:
- 時間が過ぎる (time passes)
- 駅を過ぎる (pass a station)
- 期限が過ぎる (deadline passes)
AUXILIARY VERB USAGE (very common):
Attach to verb stem (masu-stem) or adjective stem:
- 食べすぎる (eat too much)
- 飲みすぎる (drink too much)
- 高すぎる (too expensive)
- 大きすぎる (too big)
For な-adjectives, add すぎる directly:
- 静かすぎる (too quiet)
This auxiliary usage is extremely common in daily Japanese.