()

さる
verb (godan)
to leave, to go away, to depart
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()らない
Present polite()ります()りません
Past()った()らなかった
Past polite()りました()りませんでした
て form()って()らなくて
ている present()っている()っていない
ている polite()っています()っていません
ている past()っていた()っていなかった
ている past polite()っていました()っていませんでした
Conditional ば()れば()らなければ
Conditional たら()ったら()らなかったら
Volitional()ろう
Volitional polite()りましょう
Potential()れる()れない
Passive()られる()られない
Causative()らせる()らせない
Imperative()()るな
1. to leave, to go away
To depart from a place.
He left the town.
Don't chase after those who leave.
Proverb
To leave one's hometown.
職場(しょくば)()ることにした。
I decided to leave the workplace.
It was sad to leave the company where I had worked for many years.
Even after he left the stage, the applause continued for a while.
2. to pass, to elapse
For time to go by.
(とき)()る。
Time passes.
(あらし)()った。
The storm has passed.
Winter passed and spring came.
(いた)()ったあと、ようやく(ねむ)ことができた
After the pain passed, I was finally able to sleep.

()る is a literary verb meaning to leave or depart, more formal than (はな)れる or ()る.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 自動詞(じどうし) (intransitive)
  • Takes を particle to mark the place being left

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 場所(ばしょ)()る: to leave a place
  • 故郷(こきょう)()る: to leave one's hometown
  • (とき)()る: time passes
  • (あらし)()る: the storm passes

PROVERBS:

  • ()(もの)()わず: Don't chase those who leave
  • ()(もの)日日(ひび)(うと)し: Out of sight, out of mind

IN COMPOUNDS:
(きょ) reading in compounds: 去年(きょねん) (last year), 過去(かこ) (the past)

DON'T CONFUSE:
(さる) (monkey) has the same reading.

ASPECT (ている):

  • ()っている: has (already) departed (resultative state)
  • Note: ()る is a punctual verb of leaving, so the ている form describes the state of being gone, not the act of leaving. (かれ)はすでに(まち)()っている means "he has already left town" (he's gone). The past form ()った is more common for a simple "has left" event.