ただ

ただ
adverb, noun, conjunction
free; just, only; but
1. free (of charge)
Without cost or payment.
This water is free.
Since I got it for free, I can't complain.
Admission is free.
I got it for free.
It won't end without consequences.
2. just, only, merely
Nothing more than; simply.
I'm just watching.
He's just a friend. We're not in any other kind of relationship.
I can only wait.
It's just a cold.
I was just asking.
3. but, however
Introduces a contrasting or qualifying statement.
I want to go. But I don't have time.
Conjunction use
But there's one problem.
I agree. However, there's a condition.
It's delicious. But it's a bit expensive.
It's convenient. However, caution is needed.

ただ has multiple meanings depending on context.

MEANINGS:
1. Free: ただでもらう(もらう) (get for free)
2. Just/only: ただの友達(ともだち) (just a friend)
3. But/however: ただ、~ (but ~)

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • ただで (for free)
  • ただの + noun (just a ~, mere ~)
  • ただし (however - formal)
  • ただ~だけ (just ~ only)

KANJI NOTE:
Can be written as (ただ) but hiragana is more common.

SIMILAR WORDS:

  • 無料(むりょう): free of charge (formal)
  • だけ: only (particle)
  • しかし: but, however (more formal)