1.
above, more than or equal to
Indicates a number/amount that is equal to or greater than the specified value.
二十歳以上の方のみ入場できます。
Only those 20 and older may enter.
Includes 20
予想以上に難しかった。
It was more difficult than expected.
三千円以上お買い上げで送料無料です。
Free shipping for purchases of 3000 yen or more.
Shopping context
百人以上集まった。
More than 100 people gathered.
期待以上の結果だった。
The results exceeded expectations.
それ以上は言えない。
I can't say more than that.
2.
that's all, the above, end
Used to conclude a list, statement, or presentation.
以上です。
That's all. / End of report.
Concluding statement
報告は以上です。
That's all for the report.
以上で終わります。
That concludes it.
説明は以上です。
That's all for the explanation.
本日の発表は以上です。ご質問があればどうぞ。
That concludes today's presentation. If you have any questions, please go ahead.
3.
since, now that
Used with verbs to mean 'since/now that (something is the case).'
約束した以上、守らなければならない。
Since I promised, I must keep it.
Grammar usage with verb
引き受けた以上、最後までやる。
Since I took it on, I'll see it through.
言った以上は責任がある。
Now that I've said it, I have responsibility.
始めた以上、途中でやめられない。
Since I've started, I can't quit midway.
ここにいる以上、協力する。
As long as I'm here, I'll cooperate.
以上 means 'above,' 'more than,' or 'that's all.'
IMPORTANT: In Japanese, 以上 INCLUDES the stated number:
- 十以上 = 10 or more (includes 10)
- This differs from English 'more than' which excludes the number
Contrast with 〜を超える:
- 十を超える = more than 10 (excludes 10)
Antonym: 以下 (below, less than or equal to)
Grammar pattern:
- Verb (past) + 以上: since ~, now that ~
Common usages:
- 以上です: That's all (formal conclusion)
- 予想/期待/想像以上: more than expected
Related Words
See also:
以下