1.
above, more than or equal to
Indicates a number/amount that is equal to or greater than the specified value.
2.
that's all, the above, end
Used to conclude a list, statement, or presentation.
3.
since, now that
Used with verbs to mean 'since/now that (something is the case).'
以上 means 'above,' 'more than,' or 'that's all.'
IMPORTANT: In Japanese, 以上 INCLUDES the stated number:
- 十以上 = 10 or more (includes 10)
- This differs from English 'more than' which excludes the number
Contrast with 〜を超える:
- 十を超える = more than 10 (excludes 10)
Antonym: 以下 (below, less than or equal to)
Grammar pattern:
- Verb (past) + 以上: since ~, now that ~
Common usages:
- 以上です: That's all (formal conclusion)
- 予想/期待/想像以上: more than expected
Related Words
See also:
以下