(いか)

いか
noun
below; less than; the following
1. below, under, less than or equal to
Indicates a number/amount that is equal to or less than the specified value.
十八歳(じゅうはっさい)以下(いか)入場(にゅうじょう)できません
Those 18 and under cannot enter.
Includes 18
You can buy it for 1000 yen or less.
五人(ごにん)以下(いか)グループ
Groups of five or fewer
十度(じゅうど)以下(いか)なる
It will drop to 10 degrees or below.
半分(はんぶん)以下(いか)
It's less than half.
(ひゃく)キロ以下(いか)制限(せいげん)されている
It's limited to 100 kg or less.
2. the following, as follows
Introduces what comes after in a list or explanation.
Please pay attention to the following points.
以下(いか)省略(しょうりゃく)
The rest is omitted. / And so on.
Written documents
The following conditions must be met.
It is as stated below.
Please refer to the following link.
3. inferior, subordinate
Lower in rank or quality.
The results were inferior to that.
It was below expectations.
A score below average.
Everyone from the manager on down participated.
This exam's results were worse than last time, which was very disappointing.

以下(いか) means 'below' or 'less than or equal to.'

IMPORTANT: In Japanese, 以下(いか) INCLUDES the stated number:

  • (じゅう)以下(いか) = 10 or less (includes 10)
  • This differs from English 'less than' which excludes the number

Contrast with 未満(みまん):

  • (じゅう)未満(みまん) = less than 10 (excludes 10)

Antonym: 以上(いじょう) (above, more than or equal to)

Common patterns:

  • [number]以下(いか): [number] or less
  • 以下(いか)の〜: the following ~
  • 以下(いか)同様(どうよう): same as below