1.
rigidity; stiffness (physical)
A state of being physically rigid or stiff, often referring to muscles or the body.
死後硬直が始まっていた。
Rigor mortis had begun.
筋肉が硬直している。
The muscles are stiff.
緊張で体が硬直した。
My body stiffened from tension.
2.
rigidity; inflexibility (figurative)
Lack of flexibility in thinking, systems, or organizations; being set in one's ways.
組織の硬直化が問題だ。
The rigidity of the organization is a problem.
思考の硬直を避ける。
Avoid rigid thinking.
官僚組織の硬直した対応に批判が集まった。
The bureaucracy's rigid response drew criticism.
硬直 means rigidity or stiffness, used both physically (muscles, body) and figuratively (thinking, organizations). A compound of 硬 (hard) + 直 (straight).
PHYSICAL USAGE:
- 死後硬直: rigor mortis
- 筋硬直: muscle rigidity
- 体が硬直する: the body stiffens
FIGURATIVE USAGE:
- 硬直化: becoming rigid (a process)
- 硬直した考え: rigid thinking
- 硬直した体制: rigid system
- 組織の硬直: organizational rigidity
USAGE:
Often used with する as a verb (硬直する) or as a した-modifier (硬直した). The derived form 硬直化 emphasizes the process of becoming rigid over time.