1.
although, despite, even though
Expresses disappointment, surprise, or frustration that the result contradicts the expectation set up in the first clause.
のに connects two clauses where the second clause is an unexpected or disappointing result given the first clause. It carries a nuance of dissatisfaction, regret, or surprise.
Common patterns
Similar words
- のに emphasizes the speaker's surprise, frustration, or disappointment about the outcome
- けど is more neutral and simply states a contrast without emotional nuance
Watch out
のに cannot be followed by a command, request, suggestion, or statement of intention. Use けど or が instead: 雨だけど行こう (not 雨なのに行こう).