1.
solid; firm; sturdy
Physically strong and difficult to break or destroy. Used for structures, fortifications, and materials.
堅固な城壁だ。
It is a solid castle wall.
堅固な守りを築いた。
They built a strong defense.
この橋は堅固な構造で知られている。
This bridge is known for its solid construction.
2.
firm; steadfast; unwavering
Figuratively strong in will, determination, or conviction. Used for describing a person's resolve or beliefs.
堅固な意志を持つ。
To have a firm will.
彼女の信念は堅固だった。
Her conviction was unwavering.
長年の努力で堅固な信頼関係を築き上げた。
Through years of effort, they built a firm relationship of trust.
堅 means 'hard' or 'firm,' and 固 means 'solid' or 'fixed.' Together they emphasize strength and durability. The word has a somewhat literary or formal tone and is commonly found in historical, military, and written contexts.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 堅固な城 (a solid castle)
- 堅固な守り (a firm defense)
- 堅固な意志 (a firm will)
- 堅固な構造 (solid construction)
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 頑丈 — sturdy, robust (more colloquial, used for everyday objects and physical strength)
- 強固 — strong, firm (emphasizes power and resistance; often used for abstract things like resolve or systems)
- 丈夫 — durable, strong (everyday word for things that last or people who are healthy)