1.
troposphere
The lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to roughly ten kilometers (higher at the equator, lower at the poles). It contains most of the atmosphere's mass and nearly all weather phenomena.
雲は対流圏にできる。
Clouds form in the troposphere.
対流圏の厚さは場所によって異なる。
The thickness of the troposphere varies depending on the location.
対流圏では、高さが上がるにつれて気温が下がる。
In the troposphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
地球の天気現象のほとんどは、対流圏の中で起こっている。
Almost all of the Earth's weather phenomena occur within the troposphere.
Composed of 対流 (convection) + 圏 (sphere, region). Named for the vigorous vertical convection that takes place in this layer — the rising and falling air currents that drive weather. Reaches up to roughly 10 km over the poles and 17 km over the equator.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 対流圏の上: above the troposphere
- 対流圏界面: tropopause (boundary with the stratosphere)
- 対流圏内: inside the troposphere
- 対流圏の気温: the temperature of the troposphere
RELATED TERMS:
- 成層圏: stratosphere — the next layer up, where the ozone layer is found and temperature rises with altitude
- 中間圏: mesosphere — the third layer from the surface
- 熱圏: thermosphere — the fourth layer, very hot and thin
- 外気圏: exosphere — the outermost layer, merging with space
- 大気圏: the atmosphere as a whole
USAGE:
A scientific term used in weather reports, textbooks, and general science writing. Because weather occurs almost entirely in the troposphere, it appears whenever news reports or documentaries discuss weather systems, aircraft cruising altitudes, or atmospheric pollution.