1.
oneself; personally
Doing something by one's own hand or action.
自ら functions as both an adverb (personally, voluntarily) and a pronoun (oneself).
COMMON PATTERNS:
- 自ら進んで (voluntarily, proactively)
- 自らの手で (with one's own hands)
- 自らの意思で (of one's own will)
- 自ら行動する (to act personally)
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 自ら vs. 自分: 自分 is the common everyday word for "oneself"; 自ら emphasizes personal initiative or action and is more formal/literary.
- 自ら vs. 自らの: 自らの functions as a possessive ("one's own").
GRAMMAR NOTE:
When used as a pronoun, 自ら takes the possessive particle の: 自らの責任 (one's own responsibility).
Register: Formal/literary. More common in written Japanese and formal speech. 自分で is the casual equivalent.
Related Words
Related:
自分 (oneself (common))