1.
to refuse, to decline
To say no to a request or offer.
招待を断った。
I declined the invitation.
彼女は丁寧に断った。
She politely declined.
上司に残業を頼まれたが、断ることにした。
My boss asked me to work overtime, but I decided to refuse.
2.
to give notice, to inform beforehand
To notify someone in advance.
断りなく入る。
To enter without notice.
事前に断っておいたほうがいい。
You should give notice in advance.
写真を撮る前に、一言断ってから撮るべきだ。
Before taking a photo, you should ask for permission first.
断る is a godan verb with two distinct meanings.
TRANSITIVITY:
- Type: 他動詞 (transitive)
- Takes を particle: 〜を断る
MEANINGS:
1. To refuse/decline: 招待を断る (decline an invitation)
2. To give notice: 断りなく入る (enter without notice)
COMMON PATTERNS:
- お断りします: I must decline (polite refusal)
- 丁重に断る: to decline politely
- 断りを入れる: to give notice
- 断りなく: without notice/permission
SIMILAR WORDS:
- 拒否する: to reject (stronger, more formal)
- 辞退する: to decline (modest, for offers/honors)