()

おく
verb (godan)
to put, to place
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()かない
Present polite()きます()きません
Past()いた()かなかった
Past polite()きました()きませんでした
て form()いて()かなくて
ている present()いている()いていない
ている polite()いています()いていません
ている past()いていた()いていなかった
ている past polite()いていました()いていませんでした
Conditional ば()けば()かなければ
Conditional たら()いたら()かなかったら
Volitional()こう
Volitional polite()きましょう
Potential()ける()けない
Passive()かれる()かれない
Causative()かせる()かせない
Imperative()()くな
1. to put, to place
To physically put or place something in a location. The item being placed is marked with を and the location with に.
Please put the book on the desk.
May I put my luggage here?
(かぎ)どこ()きました
Where did you put the key?
I put the vase by the window.
I left my umbrella at the entrance.
2. to leave (as is)
To leave something in a particular state or position without changing it.
(まど)()けて()きます。
I'll leave the window open.
~ておく construction indicating leaving something in a state
You should read the textbook before the exam.
~ておく for preparation
Please leave it as is.
I used the vegetables I had bought in advance.
予約(よやく)して()きます
I'll make a reservation in advance.

TRANSITIVITY: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive). No pair verb. Pattern: XをYに()く (put X at/on Y).

ASPECT: ている indicates resulting state. ()いている = 'have put (and it's still there)' or 'is placing.'

COMMON PATTERNS:

The auxiliary 〜ておく is extremely common for doing something in preparation or leaving something as is.