()

つむ
godan verb, transitive
to pile up, to load, to accumulate
See also: () (pluck, pick), ()もる (intransitive)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()まない
Present polite()みます()みません
Past()んだ()まなかった
Past polite()みました()みませんでした
て form()んで()まなくて
ている present()んでいる()んでいない
ている polite()んでいます()んでいません
ている past()んでいた()んでいなかった
ている past polite()んでいました()んでいませんでした
Conditional ば()めば()まなければ
Conditional たら()んだら()まなかったら
Volitional()もう
Volitional polite()みましょう
Potential()める()めない
Passive()まれる()まれない
Causative()ませる()ませない
Imperative()()むな
1. to pile up, to stack
To place things on top of each other.
レンガ()む。
To stack bricks.
To pile books up high.
Documents are piled up like a mountain on the desk.
2. to load, to pack
To put cargo onto a vehicle.
To load luggage onto a car.
トラック荷物(にもつ)()()む。
To load cargo onto a truck.
We loaded food onto the ship and departed.
3. to accumulate
To build up experience or achievements.
To accumulate experience.
To build up practice.
After accumulating years of effort, results finally appeared.

()む means to pile up, stack, load, or accumulate—physically stacking things or figuratively building up experience.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)
  • Pair: ()もる (intransitive, to pile up by itself)

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 荷物(にもつ)()む: to load luggage
  • 経験(けいけん)()む: to gain/accumulate experience
  • 練習(れんしゅう)()む: to build up practice
  • 努力(どりょく)()(かさ)ねる: to make sustained effort

COMPOUNDS:

  • ()(かさ)ねる: to pile up, accumulate
  • ()()む: to load (onto vehicle)
  • 山積(やまづ)み: piled high like a mountain