()

つむ
godan verb, transitive
to pile up, to load, to accumulate
1. to pile up, to stack
To place things on top of each other.
レンガを()む。
To stack bricks.
(ほん)(たか)()む。
To pile books up high.
(つくえ)(うえ)書類(しょるい)(やま)のように()まれている。
Documents are piled up like a mountain on the desk.
2. to load, to pack
To put cargo onto a vehicle.
荷物(にもつ)(くるま)()む。
To load luggage onto a car.
トラックに荷物(にもつ)()()む。
To load cargo onto a truck.
(ふね)食料(しょくりょう)()んで出発(しゅっぱつ)した。
We loaded food onto the ship and departed.
3. to accumulate
To build up experience or achievements.
経験(けいけん)()む。
To accumulate experience.
練習(れんしゅう)()む。
To build up practice.
何年(なんねん)努力(どりょく)()(かさ)ねて、ようやく結果(けっか)()た。
After accumulating years of effort, results finally appeared.

()む means to pile up, stack, load, or accumulate—physically stacking things or figuratively building up experience.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)
  • Pair: ()もる (intransitive, to pile up by itself)

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 荷物(にもつ)()む: to load luggage
  • 経験(けいけん)()む: to gain/accumulate experience
  • 練習(れんしゅう)()む: to build up practice
  • 努力(どりょく)()(かさ)ねる: to make sustained effort

COMPOUNDS:

  • ()(かさ)ねる: to pile up, accumulate
  • ()()む: to load (onto vehicle)
  • 山積(やまづ)み: piled high like a mountain