()じる

とじる
ichidan verb, transitive/intransitive
to close, to shut
See also: ()じる (to bind, staple)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()じる()じない
Present polite()じます()じません
Past()じた()じなかった
Past polite()じました()じませんでした
て form()じて()じなくて
ている present()じている()じていない
ている polite()じています()じていません
ている past()じていた()じていなかった
ている past polite()じていました()じていませんでした
Conditional ば()じれば()じなければ
Conditional たら()じたら()じなかったら
Volitional()じよう
Volitional polite()じましょう
Potential()じられる()じられない
Passive()じられる()じられない
Causative()じさせる()じさせない
Imperative()じろ()じるな
1. to close, to shut
To close something like eyes, a book, or a door.
()()じる。
To close one's eyes.
(ほん)()じる。
To close a book.
To shut one's mouth and be quiet.
I was tired, so I closed my eyes and rested a little.
I closed the book I had finished reading and placed it on the desk.

()じる means to close, typically used for eyes, books, and metaphorical closings.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Can be transitive or intransitive
  • Transitive: ()()じる (to close one's eyes)
  • Intransitive: (まく)()じる (the curtain closes)

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • ()()じる: to close one's eyes
  • (ほん)()じる: to close a book
  • (くち)()じる: to shut one's mouth
  • (まく)()じる: to bring to a close (figurative)
  • 生涯(しょうがい)()じる: to end one's life

DISTINCTION (homophones):

  • ()じる: to close (eyes, books, figurative)
  • ()じる: to bind, staple (papers)

CONTRAST WITH ()める:
()じる is for things that open like a cover or eyelids; ()める is for doors, windows, and containers.

ASPECT (ている):

  • ()じている: is closed (resultative state)
  • Note: ()じる is a punctual verb, so ()じている describes the resulting state of being closed, not an ongoing action. ()()じている means "has one's eyes closed," not "is in the process of closing them." Similarly, (ほん)()じている means "the book is closed." For the moment of closing, use ()じる or past ()じた.