これら

これら is the plural form of これ (this), meaning "these." It is more formal and explicit about plurality than これ alone.

Demonstrative plurals

• これら: these (near speaker)
• それら: those (near listener)
• あれら: those (far from both)

Common patterns

• これらの + noun: these ~
• これらは: these (as subject)
• これらを: these (as object)

Register

これら is more common in writing, presentations, and formal speech. In casual conversation, これ is typically used even when referring to multiple items. Academic papers and news frequently use これら.

Usage

Japanese does not normally mark plurals explicitly. これら is used when the speaker wants to clearly indicate multiple items.