1.
independent production; self-produced work; indie production
Creative work produced independently, without backing from a major studio, label, or publisher. Covers films, music, games, and other media made with personal or small-scale resources.
Composed of 自主 (independent, autonomous) and 制作 (production, creation). Used across creative fields — film, music, animation, games — to distinguish works made independently from those backed by major companies. Often abbreviated in compound forms as 自主制作映画 (indie film), 自主制作盤 (indie release).