うちに

うちに
expression
while; during; before (a state changes)
1. while; during (a state continues)
Attached to a verb, adjective, or noun + の, marks the period while a condition holds. The action in the main clause should be completed before that condition changes.
(わか)いうちに勉強(べんきょう)しよう。
Let's study while we're young.
(やす)みのうちに(ほん)()んだ。
I read a book during the vacation.
(はな)しているうちに、(こた)えが()つかった。
While we were talking, I found the answer.
2. before (it becomes too late); while still
With a negative verb (〜ないうちに), means 'before (something happens).' Implies the speaker should act before the state changes.
(あめ)()らないうちに(かえ)ろう。
Let's go home before it starts raining.
(わす)れないうちにメモしておく。
I'll jot it down before I forget.
(くら)くならないうちに(いえ)()きたい。
I want to get home before it gets dark.

Combination of (うち) (inside, interval) + に. Treated as a fixed grammatical pattern.

ATTACHMENT:

  • Verb (plain present or ている): (はな)しているうちに
  • Negative verb: ()らないうちに
  • I-adjective: (わか)いうちに
  • Na-adjective + な: 元気(げんき)なうちに
  • Noun + の: (やす)みのうちに

SIMILAR WORDS:

  • (あいだ)に: while — neutral about whether the state changes; うちに implies acting before it does
  • (まえ)に: before — focuses on order of events; ないうちに focuses on the state still being in effect