(うち)

うち
noun
inside; within; among; while
1. inside, within
The interior part of something.
The temperature inside and outside is different.
He doesn't show his inner feelings.
The inside of the building was cool.
2. among, of (a group)
Within a specified group or set.
Of the three, one is a woman.
Among meaning
Of the five, two couldn't come.
Please choose one from among the candidates.
十人(じゅうにん)(うち)半分(はんぶん)女性(じょせい)です
Of the ten people, half are women.
Of the three options, which is the best?
3. while, during
Within a time period; before something changes.
I want to travel while I'm young.
While meaning
I fell asleep without realizing it.
〜ない(うち)に pattern
Let's go home before it gets dark.
〜ない(うち)に = before ~
I'll write it down before I forget.
Let's finish it within today.
4. one's home, one's group
Refers to one's own home, family, or organization.
At our company...
In-group reference
Our child will start elementary school this year.
Our dog is very energetic.
My mother is good at cooking.
Please take off your shoes inside (our house).

(うち) has multiple meanings related to 'inside' or 'within.'

Grammar patterns:

  • 〜の(うち): among ~, of ~
  • (うち)に: while ~, before ~ (changes)
  • 〜ない(うち)に: before ~ happens

In-group usage:

  • (うち): my home, our family, our company (humble)
  • (うち)の + [person/thing]: my/our ~

Contrast:

  • (うち) (inside, in-group) vs. (そと) (outside, out-group)
  • (うち) can be humble; お宅(おたく) is the polite equivalent for others' homes

Note: The sense of 'inside' is abstract - for physical interiors, (なか) is more common.

Related Words

See also: (なか)