1.
specimen, sample (preserved)
A preserved example of an animal, plant, insect, or mineral, typically prepared for scientific study or display. Includes pressed plants, pinned insects, and taxidermied animals.
昆虫の標本を作る。
To make an insect specimen.
博物館には珍しい鉱物の標本が展示されている。
Rare mineral specimens are displayed at the museum.
祖父が集めた蝶の標本コレクションを受け継いだ。
I inherited my grandfather's collection of butterfly specimens.
2.
sample, representative example (statistics)
A subset taken from a larger population for the purpose of statistical analysis or research.
標本調査を行った。
A sample survey was conducted.
標本の数が少ないと正確な結果は得られない。
If the sample size is too small, accurate results cannot be obtained.
無作為に選んだ標本をもとにデータを分析した。
Data was analyzed based on a randomly selected sample.
ETYMOLOGY:
標 (mark, sign, model) + 本 (origin, base, book). Literally "a model example."
USAGE:
In everyday Japanese, 標本 most commonly refers to preserved specimens of insects, plants, or animals. In academic and statistical contexts, it means a sample drawn from a population. For everyday product samples or free samples, サンプル or 見本 is more natural.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 昆虫標本: insect specimen
- 植物標本: plant specimen
- 標本を採取する: to collect specimens
- 標本調査: sample survey
- 標本抽出: sampling
SIMILAR WORDS:
- サンプル: sample (loanword, general use)
- 見本: sample, model (for products or demonstrations)