1.
emperor
The sovereign ruler of an empire. Used primarily for foreign emperors (Roman, Chinese, etc.) and historically for the Chinese-style title. For the Japanese emperor, 天皇 is the standard term.
ローマ皇帝の歴史を学んだ。
I studied the history of the Roman emperors.
ナポレオンは自ら皇帝の位に就いた。
Napoleon crowned himself emperor.
中国の歴代皇帝は天の命を受けて国を治めたとされる。
The successive emperors of China were said to rule the country by the Mandate of Heaven.
CONTRAST:
皇帝 vs. 天皇 — 皇帝 is used for emperors in general (especially foreign ones), while 天皇 refers specifically to the Emperor of Japan. Using 皇帝 for the Japanese emperor is considered incorrect in modern Japanese.
皇帝 vs. 王 / 国王 — 皇帝 (emperor) rules an empire, while 王 or 国王 (king) rules a kingdom. An emperor outranks a king in the traditional hierarchy.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 初代皇帝 (first emperor)
- 皇帝の座 (the imperial throne)
- 皇帝ペンギン (emperor penguin)
Related Words
Contrast:
天皇 (Japanese emperor)