Words tagged โ€œpoliticsโ€

508 entries in kana order. All lists.

ใ‚่กŒ31 entries

่ตคๅญ—ๅ›ฝๅ‚ต(ใ‚ใ‹ใ˜ใ“ใใ•ใ„)ใ‚ใ‹ใ˜ใ“ใใ•ใ„deficit-financing bonds, deficit bonds ๅœงๅ‹(ใ‚ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‚ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†overwhelming victory; landslide win ๅœงๆ”ฟ(ใ‚ใฃใ›ใ„)ใ‚ใฃใ›ใ„tyranny, oppressive rule ๅœงๅŠ›(ใ‚ใคใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ‚ใคใ‚Šใ‚‡ใpressure; coercion ๆš—ๆฎบ(ใ‚ใ‚“ใ•ใค)ใ‚ใ‚“ใ•ใคassassination ๅฎ‰ๅ…จไฟ้šœ(ใ‚ใ‚“ใœใ‚“ใปใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‚ใ‚“ใœใ‚“ใปใ—ใ‚‡ใ†security; national security ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ‰€(ใ‚ใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใ‚ใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡employment office; job placement office ๅฎ‰ไฟ(ใ‚ใ‚“ใฝ)ใ‚ใ‚“ใฝsecurity (treaty); national security ๅฎ‰ไฟ็†(ใ‚ใ‚“ใฝใ‚Š)ใ‚ใ‚“ใฝใ‚ŠUN Security Council (abbreviation) ๆš—่บ(ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚„ใ)ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚„ใsecret maneuvering, behind-the-scenes activity ็•ฐ่ญฐ(ใ„ใŽ)ใชใ—ใ„ใŽใชใ—no objection; agreed; aye ็ถญๆ–ฐ(ใ„ใ—ใ‚“)ใ„ใ—ใ‚“restoration, reform, renewal ็งป่ญฒ(ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†transfer; handover; cession ไธ€้จŽๆ‰“(ใ„ใฃใใ†)ใกใ„ใฃใใ†ใกone-on-one fight, showdown ไธ€ๅ…š(ใ„ใฃใจใ†)ใ„ใฃใจใ†a party; a faction; a group ไธ€ๆดพ(ใ„ใฃใฑ)ใ„ใฃใฑfaction; school; sect; group ไผŠ่—คๅšๆ–‡(ใ„ใจใ†ใฒใ‚ใถใฟ)ใ„ใจใ†ใฒใ‚ใถใฟItล Hirobumi (1841-1909), Japan's first prime minister ๅŒป็™‚่ฒป(ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฒ)ๆŽง้™ค(ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฒใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡medical expense deduction (tax) ้™ฐ่ฌ€(ใ„ใ‚“ใผใ†)ใ„ใ‚“ใผใ†conspiracy, plot EUใ„ใƒผใ‚†ใƒผEU, European Union ๅณ็ฟผ(ใ†ใ‚ˆใ)ใ†ใ‚ˆใright wing (politics); right flank (military); right field (baseball) NGOใˆใฌใ˜ใƒผใŠใƒผNGO, non-governmental organization ่ฟฝ(ใŠ)ใ„่ฝ(ใŠ)ใจใ™ใŠใ„ใŠใจใ™to oust; to dethrone; to drive out of a position ็Ž‹ๆจฉ(ใŠใ†ใ‘ใ‚“)ใŠใ†ใ‘ใ‚“royal authority; sovereignty of a king; monarchical power ็Ž‹ๅ›ฝ(ใŠใ†ใ“ใ)ใŠใ†ใ“ใkingdom ็Ž‹ๅฎค(ใŠใ†ใ—ใค)ใŠใ†ใ—ใคroyal family; royal house ็Ž‹ๆ”ฟ(ใŠใ†ใ›ใ„)ใŠใ†ใ›ใ„monarchy; royal rule ็Ž‹ๆœ(ใŠใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใŠใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†dynasty ๆจชๆšด(ใŠใ†ใผใ†)ใŠใ†ใผใ†tyranny; high-handedness; despotism ๆฑš่ท(ใŠใ—ใ‚‡ใ)ใŠใ—ใ‚‡ใcorruption; graft ๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ๅฏพ็ญ–(ใŠใ‚“ใ ใ‚“ใ‹ใŸใ„ใ•ใ)ใŠใ‚“ใ ใ‚“ใ‹ใŸใ„ใ•ใglobal warming countermeasures; climate change measures

ใ‹่กŒ146 entries

ๆ”นๆ†ฒ(ใ‹ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ‹ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“constitutional revision ไผš่ฆ‹(ใ‹ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ‹ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“press conference, interview, meeting ่งฃๆ•ฃ(ใ‹ใ„ใ•ใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to disband; to dissolve; to break up ๆ”นๆ–ฐ(ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚“)ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚“reform; renewal; innovation ้šŽๅฑค(ใ‹ใ„ใใ†)็คพไผš(ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„)ใ‹ใ„ใใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„stratified society; class society; hierarchical society ไผš่ซ‡(ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“)ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“conference, talks, meeting ่งฃไปป(ใ‹ใ„ใซใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ„ใซใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to dismiss; to remove from office ้–‹็ฅจ(ใ‹ใ„ใฒใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‹ใ„ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ballot counting; vote counting ๅŒ–ๅญฆ(ใ‹ใŒใ)ๅ…ตๅ™จ(ใธใ„ใ)ใ‹ใŒใใธใ„ใchemical weapon; a weapon that uses toxic chemicals to cause harm or death ้–ฃ่ญฐ(ใ‹ใใŽ)ใ‹ใใŽcabinet meeting; cabinet session ้–ฃ่ญฐๆฑบๅฎš(ใ‹ใใŽใ‘ใฃใฆใ„)ใ‹ใใŽใ‘ใฃใฆใ„cabinet decision; decision by the cabinet ๆ ธ่ป็ธฎ(ใ‹ใใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ)ใ‹ใใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใnuclear disarmament ๆ ธๅผพ้ ญ(ใ‹ใใ ใ‚“ใจใ†)ใ‹ใใ ใ‚“ใจใ†nuclear warhead ๆ ธ็ˆ†ๅผพ(ใ‹ใใฐใใ ใ‚“)ใ‹ใใฐใใ ใ‚“nuclear bomb; nuclear weapon ้–ฃๅƒš(ใ‹ใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‹ใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†cabinet minister; member of the cabinet ้œž(ใ‹ใ™ใฟ)ใŒ้–ข(ใ›ใ)ใ‹ใ™ใฟใŒใ›ใKasumigaseki; Japan's central bureaucracy ่‹›ๆ”ฟ(ใ‹ใ›ใ„)ใ‹ใ›ใ„harsh government; oppressive rule; tyrannical administration ้ŽๅŠ(ใ‹ใฏใ‚“)ใ‹ใฏใ‚“majority; more than half ๅŠ ็›Ÿๅ›ฝ(ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ“ใ)ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ“ใmember state; member nation ๅฎ˜ๅ–ถ(ใ‹ใ‚“ใˆใ„)ใ‹ใ‚“ใˆใ„government-operated; state-run ๅฎ˜็•Œ(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„the bureaucratic world; government circles ็ฎก่ฝ„(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใค)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใคjurisdiction, administrative control ๅฎ˜ๅ…ฌๅบ(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†government offices; public agencies ๅ‹งๅ‘Š(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใrecommendation; advice; counsel ๅนฒๆธ‰(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†interference, intervention, meddling ็ฎกๅˆถ(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ„)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ„control (by authority); air-traffic control ้‚„ไป˜(ใ‹ใ‚“ใท)ใ‹ใ‚“ใทrefund; reimbursement; return (of money) ๅฎ˜ๅƒš(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†bureaucrat, government official ็ทฉๅ’Œ็ญ–(ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚ใ•ใ)ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚ใ•ใmitigation measure; easing measure; relief measure ๅค–ๅœง(ใŒใ„ใ‚ใค)ใŒใ„ใ‚ใคexternal pressure; foreign pressure ๅค–ไบค(ใŒใ„ใ“ใ†)ใŒใ„ใ“ใ†diplomacy, foreign relations ๅค–ๅ›ฝ็ฑ(ใŒใ„ใ“ใใ›ใ)ใŒใ„ใ“ใใ›ใforeign nationality; foreign citizenship ่ก—ๅฎฃ่ปŠ(ใŒใ„ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใŒใ„ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒsound truck; loudspeaker van ๅค–ๅ‹™(ใŒใ„ใ‚€)ใŒใ„ใ‚€foreign affairs; external affairs ๅค–ๅ‹™็œ(ใŒใ„ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใŒใ„ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan) ๅค–ๅ‹™ๅคง่‡ฃ(ใŒใ„ใ‚€ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“)ใŒใ„ใ‚€ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“Minister for Foreign Affairs; foreign minister ็“ฆ่งฃ(ใŒใ‹ใ„)ใŒใ‹ใ„collapse; disintegration; breakdown ๅญฆ็ฟ’ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ่ฆ้ ˜(ใŒใใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใฉใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†)ใŒใใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใฉใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†curriculum guidelines; course of study (national educational standards) ๅฒฉ็›ค(ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚“)ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚“bedrock; rock bed; solid base ๆฃ„ๆจฉ(ใใ‘ใ‚“)ใใ‘ใ‚“abstention; withdrawal; forfeiture ่ฆๅˆถ็ทฉๅ’Œ(ใใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚)ใใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚deregulation; easing of regulations ๅ–ซ็ทŠ(ใใฃใใ‚“)ใฎ่ชฒ้กŒ(ใ‹ใ ใ„)ใใฃใใ‚“ใฎใ‹ใ ใ„an urgent issue; a pressing problem that must be addressed ๆ—ขๅพ—ๆจฉ(ใใจใใ‘ใ‚“)ใใจใใ‘ใ‚“vested rights; established privileges ๆ—ขๅพ—ๆจฉ็›Š(ใใจใใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใ)ใใจใใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใvested interests; acquired rights and privileges ๆ€ฅ้€ฒ(ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚“)ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚“radicalism; radical (political) advance ๆ€ฅ้€ฒ็š„(ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚“ใฆใ)ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚“ใฆใradical; progressive; extreme ไผ‘ๆˆฆ(ใใ‚…ใ†ใ›ใ‚“)ใใ‚…ใ†ใ›ใ‚“ceasefire; truce; armistice ็ณพๅผพ(ใใ‚…ใ†ใ ใ‚“)ใใ‚…ใ†ใ ใ‚“denunciation; condemnation; censure ๅฎฎๅปท(ใใ‚…ใ†ใฆใ„)ใใ‚…ใ†ใฆใ„imperial court, royal court ๅ”่ญฐไผš(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใŽใ‹ใ„)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใŽใ‹ใ„council; conference; consultative body ๅผทๅ›ฝ(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใpowerful nation; strong country ๅ…ฑ็”ฃไธป็พฉ(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใŽcommunism ็ซถไบ‰ๅŽŸ็†(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚Š)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚Šthe principle of competition; competitive principle ๅ…ฑๅญ˜(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“)ๅ…ฑๆ „(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใˆใ„)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใˆใ„coexistence and co-prosperity; mutual benefit ๅผทๅคงๅ›ฝ(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ“ใ)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ“ใpowerful nation; great power ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ›ฝ(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ“ใ)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ“ใrepublic ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅˆถ(ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ›ใ„)ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ›ใ„republic; republican system of government ๆฅตๅณ(ใใ‚‡ใใ†)ใใ‚‡ใใ†far right; extreme right wing ๆฅตๅทฆ(ใใ‚‡ใใ•)ใใ‚‡ใใ•far left; extreme left wing ๅฑ€้•ท(ใใ‚‡ใใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใใ‚‡ใใกใ‚‡ใ†bureau chief; director; head of a department ๆ‹’ๅฆๆจฉ(ใใ‚‡ใฒใ‘ใ‚“)ใใ‚‡ใฒใ‘ใ‚“veto; veto power ็ฆๆญข่งฃ้™ค(ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‹ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‹ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡lifting a ban; removal of a prohibition ็ฆๆญขไปค(ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚Œใ„)ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚Œใ„ban; prohibition order; injunction ่ญฐไผš(ใŽใ‹ใ„)ใŽใ‹ใ„parliament, congress, assembly ่ญฐๆฑบ(ใŽใ‘ใค)ใŽใ‘ใคresolution; vote; decision by deliberation ่ญฐ(ใŽ)ใ™ใ‚‹ใŽใ™ใ‚‹to deliberate on; to discuss ่ญฐๅธญ(ใŽใ›ใ)ใŽใ›ใparliamentary seat; legislative seat ็พฉๅ‹™ๅŒ–(ใŽใ‚€ใ‹)ใŽใ‚€ใ‹making mandatory; legal obligation ่™ๆ”ฟ(ใŽใ‚ƒใใ›ใ„)ใŽใ‚ƒใใ›ใ„tyranny; oppressive rule; despotic government ่กŒๆ”ฟๆฉŸ้–ข(ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„ใใ‹ใ‚“)ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„ใใ‹ใ‚“administrative agency; government body ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃใŽใ‚Šใ—ใ‚ƒGreece ๅฎฎๅ†…ๅบ(ใใชใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใใชใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†Imperial Household Agency ๅŒบๅฝนๆ‰€(ใใ‚„ใใ—ใ‚‡)ใใ‚„ใใ—ใ‚‡ward office; municipal office of a city ward ่จ“ๅ‘Š(ใใ‚“ใ“ใ)ใใ‚“ใ“ใofficial reprimand; admonition ๅ›ไธป(ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…)ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…monarch; sovereign; ruler ๅ›ไธปๅˆถ(ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ›ใ„)ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ›ใ„monarchy; monarchical system ่ปๆ‹ก(ใใ‚“ใ‹ใ)ใใ‚“ใ‹ใmilitary expansion; arms buildup ่ป็ธฎ(ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ)ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใdisarmament; arms reduction ่ปไบ‹่กŒๅ‹•(ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ“ใ†ใฉใ†)ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ“ใ†ใฉใ†military action; military operation ่ปไบ‹ๅŠ›(ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใmilitary strength; military power ่ปๅ‚™(ใใ‚“ใณ)ใใ‚“ใณarmaments; military preparations ่ป้ƒจ(ใใ‚“ใถ)ใใ‚“ใถthe military; military establishment; armed forces leadership ่ปฝๆธ›(ใ‘ใ„ใ’ใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‘ใ„ใ’ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to reduce; to alleviate; to lighten ็ตŒๆธˆๆ”ฟ็ญ–(ใ‘ใ„ใ–ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ)ใ‘ใ„ใ–ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ•ใeconomic policy ๆฑบ้ธ(ใ‘ใฃใ›ใ‚“)ๆŠ•็ฅจ(ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‘ใฃใ›ใ‚“ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†runoff vote; second ballot ๆฑบ่ญฐ(ใ‘ใคใŽ)ใ‘ใคใŽresolution; vote; decision ๆ‡ธๆกˆ(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“)ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“pending issue; unresolved matter ๆจฉ็›Š(ใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใ)ใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใrights and interests; vested interests ๆคœ็–ซ(ใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใ)ใ‘ใ‚“ใˆใquarantine; inspection ็Œฎ้‡‘(ใ‘ใ‚“ใใ‚“)ใ‘ใ‚“ใใ‚“donation, monetary contribution ๅปบๅ›ฝ(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ“ใ)ใ‘ใ‚“ใ“ใfounding of a nation ็œŒ็Ÿฅไบ‹(ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ˜)ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ˜prefectural governor ๆ†ฒๆณ•(ใ‘ใ‚“ใฝใ†)ใ‘ใ‚“ใฝใ†constitution ็œŒๆฐ‘(ใ‘ใ‚“ใฟใ‚“)ใ‘ใ‚“ใฟใ‚“prefectural resident; citizen of a prefecture ็œŒ็ซ‹(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใค)ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใคprefectural; established by the prefecture ๆจฉๅŠ›(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใpower, authority ๆจฉๅŠ›่€…(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ—ใ‚ƒpowerful person; person in power ๆจฉๅŠ›(ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ‚’ๆŒฏ(ใต)ใ‚‹ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ‚’ใตใ‚‹ใ†to wield power; to exercise authority ๆธ›็จŽ(ใ’ใ‚“ใœใ„)ใ’ใ‚“ใœใ„tax cut, tax reduction ๆธ›ๅ…(ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“)ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“reduction and exemption; relief ่จ€่ซ–(ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“)ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑ(ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†)ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“ใฎใ˜ใ‚†ใ†freedom of speech ๅ…ฌๅฐ(ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ‚“)ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ‚“official seal; public seal ๅ…ฌๅ–ถ(ใ“ใ†ใˆใ„)ใ“ใ†ใˆใ„publicly operated; publicly run; municipal ้ซ˜ๅฎ˜(ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“)ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“high-ranking official; senior official ็š‡ๅฎฎ(ใ“ใ†ใใ†)ใ“ใ†ใใ†imperial palace ๅ…ฌๅ‘Š(ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ)ใ“ใ†ใ“ใpublic notice; official announcement; proclamation ๅ…ฌๅ‚ต(ใ“ใ†ใ•ใ„)ใ“ใ†ใ•ใ„government bond; public debt ๅทฅไฝœ(ใ“ใ†ใ•ใ)ใ“ใ†ใ•ใcrafting, handicraft; maneuvering, scheming ็š‡ๅฎค(ใ“ใ†ใ—ใค)ใ“ใ†ใ—ใคimperial household; imperial family ๅ…ฌ่ท(ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ)ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใpublic office; public position ๅ…ฌๅŠฉ(ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡public assistance; government help ็š‡ๆ—(ใ“ใ†ใžใ)ใ“ใ†ใžใimperial family; member of the imperial family ็š‡ๅธ(ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„)ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„emperor ๅ…ฌ้‚ธ(ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„)ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„official residence ๆ›ด่ฟญ(ใ“ใ†ใฆใค)ใ“ใ†ใฆใคreplacement; reshuffle; removal (from position) ๅ…ฌๅธƒ(ใ“ใ†ใต)ใ“ใ†ใตpromulgation; official announcement ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…(ใ“ใ†ใปใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ“ใ†ใปใ—ใ‚ƒcandidate; nominee ่ฌ›ๅ’Œ(ใ“ใ†ใ‚)ใ“ใ†ใ‚peace; peace treaty; reconciliation (between warring parties) ๅ›ฝๅ–ถ(ใ“ใใˆใ„)ใ“ใใˆใ„state-run; government-operated ๅ›ฝ็›Š(ใ“ใใˆใ)ใ“ใใˆใnational interest ๅ›ฝ้š›ไผš่ญฐ(ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ‹ใ„ใŽ)ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ‹ใ„ใŽinternational conference ๅ›ฝ้š›ๅ”ๅŠ›(ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใinternational cooperation ๅ›ฝ้š›็คพไผš(ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„)ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„the international community ๅ›ฝ้š›ๆณ•(ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใปใ†)ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใปใ†international law ๅ›ฝ้š›(ใ“ใใ•ใ„)้€ฃๅˆ(ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ”ใ†)ใ“ใใ•ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ”ใ†United Nations (full name; usually shortened to ๅ›ฝ้€ฃ) ๅ›ฝ็ซ (ใ“ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ“ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†national emblem; coat of arms ๅ›ฝๆ”ฟ(ใ“ใใ›ใ„)ใ“ใใ›ใ„national politics, national government ๅ›ฝ็ฑๆณ•(ใ“ใใ›ใใปใ†)ใ“ใใ›ใใปใ†nationality law; citizenship law ๅ›ฝไฝ“(ใ“ใใŸใ„)ใ“ใใŸใ„national polity; National Sports Festival ๅ›ฝๅœŸ(ใ“ใใฉ)ใ“ใใฉnational land, territory ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘(ใ“ใใฟใ‚“)ๅนด้‡‘(ใญใ‚“ใใ‚“)ใ“ใใฟใ‚“ใญใ‚“ใใ‚“national pension; basic public pension ๅ›ฝๅ‹™ๅคง่‡ฃ(ใ“ใใ‚€ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“)ใ“ใใ‚€ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“minister of state; cabinet minister ๅ›ฝๆœ‰(ใ“ใใ‚†ใ†)ใ“ใใ‚†ใ†state-owned; nationally owned; government-owned ๅ›ฝๆœ‰ๅŒ–(ใ“ใใ‚†ใ†ใ‹)ใ“ใใ‚†ใ†ใ‹nationalization ๅ›ฝ้€ฃ(ใ“ใใ‚Œใ‚“)ใ“ใใ‚Œใ‚“United Nations ๆˆธ็ฑ(ใ“ใ›ใ)ใ“ใ›ใfamily register, civil registry ๅ›ฝๆญŒ(ใ“ใฃใ‹)ใ“ใฃใ‹national anthem ๅ›ฝไผš(ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„)ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„National Diet, parliament, congress ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“ก(ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„ใŽใ„ใ‚“)ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„ใŽใ„ใ‚“member of the Diet; member of parliament ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐไบ‹ๅ ‚(ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„ใŽใ˜ใฉใ†)ใ“ใฃใ‹ใ„ใŽใ˜ใฉใ†the National Diet Building ๅ›ฝไบค(ใ“ใฃใ“ใ†)ใ“ใฃใ“ใ†diplomatic relations ๅ›ฝไบคๆ–ญ็ตถ(ใ“ใฃใ“ใ†ใ ใ‚“ใœใค)ใ“ใฃใ“ใ†ใ ใ‚“ใœใคseverance of diplomatic relations; breaking off diplomatic ties ๆทท่ฟท(ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„)ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„turmoil, confusion, chaos ๅˆๆ†ฒ(ใ”ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ”ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“constitutional; in accordance with the constitution ไบ’ๆต(ใ”ใ‘ใ„)ใ”ใ‘ใ„mutual benefit; reciprocity ่ญทๆ†ฒ(ใ”ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ”ใ‘ใ‚“defending the constitution; opposing constitutional revision

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ๆŽกๆฑบ(ใ•ใ„ใ‘ใค)ใ•ใ„ใ‘ใคvote; voting; decision by vote ๅ†ๅฐฑไปป(ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใซใ‚“)ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใซใ‚“reappointment; re-assumption of office ๆญณๅ‡บ(ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใค)ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใคannual expenditure; government spending ๅ†้ธ(ใ•ใ„ใ›ใ‚“)ใ•ใ„ใ›ใ‚“re-election ๆŽกๆŠž(ใ•ใ„ใŸใ)ใ•ใ„ใŸใadoption (of a resolution); selection ๆญณๅ…ฅ(ใ•ใ„ใซใ‚…ใ†)ใ•ใ„ใซใ‚…ใ†annual revenue; government income ๅ†ไปป(ใ•ใ„ใซใ‚“)ใ•ใ„ใซใ‚“reappointment ๅ†็ทจ(ใ•ใ„ใธใ‚“)ใ•ใ„ใธใ‚“restructuring; reorganization; realignment ๅ…ˆ้€(ใ•ใใŠใ)ใ‚Šใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใใŠใใ‚Šใซใ™ใ‚‹to defer; to postpone; to shelve ็ญ–ๅฎš(ใ•ใใฆใ„)ใ•ใใฆใ„drawing up (a plan or policy); formulation ็ญ–่ฌ€(ใ•ใใผใ†)ใ•ใใผใ†plot; scheme; intrigue ้Ž–ๅ›ฝ(ใ•ใ“ใ)ใ•ใ“ใnational isolation; closed country policy ๆŸปๅฏŸ(ใ•ใ•ใค)ใ•ใ•ใคinspection (official); on-site audit ใ‚ตใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใ•ใฟใฃใจsummit ๅทฆ็ฟผ(ใ•ใ‚ˆใ)ใ•ใ‚ˆใleft wing (politics); left field (baseball) ๅ‚ๅ‹คไบคไปฃ(ใ•ใ‚“ใใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใŸใ„)ใ•ใ‚“ใใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใŸใ„alternate attendance (Edo-period system) ๅ‚่ญฐ้™ข(ใ•ใ‚“ใŽใ„ใ‚“)ใ•ใ‚“ใŽใ„ใ‚“House of Councillors; upper house ่ณ›ๆˆ่€…(ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒsupporter; person in favor; those who agree ่ณ›ๆˆๅคšๆ•ฐ(ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใŸใ™ใ†)ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใŸใ™ใ†majority in favor, majority approval ๅœจๅค–(ใ–ใ„ใŒใ„)ใ–ใ„ใŒใ„overseas; abroad; living abroad ่ฒกๆบ(ใ–ใ„ใ’ใ‚“)ใ–ใ„ใ’ใ‚“source of funds; revenue source ่ฒกๆ”ฟๆ”ฟ็ญ–(ใ–ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ)ใ–ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ•ใfiscal policy; government spending and taxation policy ๅœจไปป(ใ–ใ„ใซใ‚“)ใ–ใ„ใซใ‚“tenure; being in office ่ฒกๅ‹™็œ(ใ–ใ„ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ–ใ„ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†Ministry of Finance (Japan) ๅœจ้‡Ž(ใ–ใ„ใ‚„)ใ–ใ„ใ‚„out of office; not in power; independent ่ญ˜ๅˆฅ(ใ—ใในใค)็•ชๅท(ใฐใ‚“ใ”ใ†)ใ—ใในใคใฐใ‚“ใ”ใ†identification number; ID number ๅธ‚่ญฐไผš(ใ—ใŽใ‹ใ„)ใ—ใŽใ‹ใ„city council; city assembly ๅธ‚ๅŒบ็”บๆ‘(ใ—ใใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“)ใ—ใใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“municipalities; cities, wards, towns, and villages ่ณ‡ๆบๅ›ฝ(ใ—ใ’ใ‚“ใ“ใ)ใ—ใ’ใ‚“ใ“ใresource-rich country; resource nation ่ฆ–ๅฏŸๅ›ฃ(ใ—ใ•ใคใ ใ‚“)ใ—ใ•ใคใ ใ‚“inspection group; observation delegation; fact-finding mission ๆ”ฏๆŒ่€…(ใ—ใ˜ใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ—ใ˜ใ—ใ‚ƒsupporter; backer ๅธ‚ๅ ด็ตŒๆธˆ(ใ—ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ„ใ–ใ„)ใ—ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ„ใ–ใ„market economy ๅธ‚็”บๆ‘(ใ—ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“)ใ—ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“municipalities; cities, towns, and villages ๅŸท่กŒ(ใ—ใฃใ“ใ†)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใฃใ“ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹to execute; to carry out; to enforce ่ณช็–‘(ใ—ใคใŽ)ใ—ใคใŽquestioning; interpellation; Q&A ็ง้‚ธ(ใ—ใฆใ„)ใ—ใฆใ„private residence (of an official) ๆ”ฏ้…ไธ‹(ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‹)ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‹under the control of ๆ”ฏ้…ๆจฉ(ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‘ใ‚“control; ruling authority; dominion ๆ”ฏ้…่€…(ใ—ใฏใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ—ใฏใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒruler; controller; one who dominates ๆ”ฏ้…(ใ—ใฏใ„)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใฏใ„ใ™ใ‚‹to rule; to control; to dominate; to govern ๆ”ฏ้…ๅŠ›(ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ—ใฏใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใcontrolling power; dominance; influence ็ง็‰ฉๅŒ–(ใ—ใถใคใ‹)ใ—ใถใคใ‹treating as one's own; appropriation for personal use ๅธๆณ•(ใ—ใปใ†)ใ—ใปใ†judiciary; the judicial branch ็คพไผš้‹ๅ‹•(ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†)ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†social movement ็คพไผš็ฆ็ฅ‰(ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใตใใ—)ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใตใใ—social welfare ็คพไผšไฟ้šœ(ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใปใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ใ„ใปใ—ใ‚‡ใ†social security ่ก†่ญฐ้™ข่ญฐๅ“ก(ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใŽใ„ใ‚“ใŽใ„ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใŽใ„ใ‚“ใŽใ„ใ‚“member of the House of Representatives ไฟฎๆญฃๆกˆ(ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ›ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ›ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“amendment; revised proposal ไธป็พฉ(ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ)ใ—ใ‚…ใŽdoctrine, principle, -ism ็ฒ›ๆธ…(ใ—ใ‚…ใใ›ใ„)ใ—ใ‚…ใใ›ใ„purge; cleanup; elimination ไธปๆจฉ(ใ—ใ‚…ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใ‘ใ‚“sovereignty ้ฆ–็›ธๅฎ˜้‚ธ(ใ—ใ‚…ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใฆใ„)ใ—ใ‚…ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใฆใ„prime minister's office; the Kantei ้ฆ–้•ท(ใ—ใ‚…ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใ—ใ‚…ใกใ‚‡ใ†head of a local government; chief ๅ‡บ้™ฃ(ใ—ใ‚…ใคใ˜ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใคใ˜ใ‚“going to battle; taking the field; setting out for a campaign ๅ‡บๅ…ฅๅ›ฝ(ใ—ใ‚…ใคใซใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใ)ใ—ใ‚…ใคใซใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใimmigration and emigration; entry and exit of a country ไธปๅฐŽๆจฉ(ใ—ใ‚…ใฉใ†ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใฉใ†ใ‘ใ‚“initiative, leadership, leading role ้ฆ–่„ณ(ใ—ใ‚…ใฎใ†)ใ—ใ‚…ใฎใ†head; leader; top official ้ฆ–่„ณไผš่ซ‡(ใ—ใ‚…ใฎใ†ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚…ใฎใ†ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“summit meeting; summit talks ไธปๆตๆดพ(ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใฏ)ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใฏmainstream faction; dominant group ็งๆœ‰ๅŒ–(ใ—ใ‚†ใ†ใ‹)ใ—ใ‚†ใ†ใ‹privatization; transfer to private ownership ็œๅบ(ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†government ministries and agencies ๆ‰ฟ่ช(ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to approve; to authorize; to ratify; to recognize officially ่ซธๅค–ๅ›ฝ(ใ—ใ‚‡ใŒใ„ใ“ใ)ใ—ใ‚‡ใŒใ„ใ“ใvarious foreign countries; other countries ๆคๆฐ‘ๅœฐ(ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฟใ‚“ใก)ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฟใ‚“ใกcolony; colonial territory ๆคๆฐ‘ๅœฐ(ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฟใ‚“ใก)ไธป็พฉ(ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ)ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฟใ‚“ใกใ—ใ‚…ใŽcolonialism ็ฝฒ้•ท(ใ—ใ‚‡ใกใ‚‡ใ†)ใ—ใ‚‡ใกใ‚‡ใ†chief; head (of a station, office, or bureau) ่ทๆจฉ(ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใ‘ใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใ‘ใ‚“official authority; authority of office ๅธ‚็ซ‹(ใ—ใ‚Šใค)ใ—ใ‚Šใคmunicipal; city-run; city-established ๅฏฉ่ญฐไผš(ใ—ใ‚“ใŽใ‹ใ„)ใ—ใ‚“ใŽใ‹ใ„advisory council; deliberative council ๆ…Ž้‡ๆดพ(ใ—ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ)ใ—ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฏthe cautious camp; those urging caution ไฟกไปป(ใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚“)ใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚“confidence, trust, mandate ้€ฒๆญฉ็š„(ใ—ใ‚“ใฝใฆใ)ใ—ใ‚“ใฝใฆใprogressive; forward-thinking; advanced ไพต็•ฅ(ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใ)ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใinvasion, aggression ่‡ช่ก›็š„(ใ˜ใˆใ„ใฆใ)ใ˜ใˆใ„ใฆใself-defensive; for self-protection ่‡ช็ตฆ็އ(ใ˜ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใค)ใ˜ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใคself-sufficiency rate ไบ‹ๅ‰ไบคๆธ‰(ใ˜ใœใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ˜ใœใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†prior negotiation; preliminary negotiation; pre-negotiation ่‡ชๆฒปๆจฉ(ใ˜ใกใ‘ใ‚“)ใ˜ใกใ‘ใ‚“right of self-governance; autonomy ๅฎŸๆจฉ(ใ˜ใฃใ‘ใ‚“)ใ˜ใฃใ‘ใ‚“real power; actual authority ๅฎŸๅŠ›่€…(ใ˜ใคใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใ˜ใคใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ—ใ‚ƒperson of influence; powerful figure ่‡ชๆฐ‘ๅ…š(ใ˜ใฟใ‚“ใจใ†)ใ˜ใฟใ‚“ใจใ†Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ๅผฑๅฐๅ›ฝ(ใ˜ใ‚ƒใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ)ใ˜ใ‚ƒใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใminor power; weak nation ไฝๆฐ‘็จŽ(ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฟใ‚“ใœใ„)ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฟใ‚“ใœใ„resident tax; local inhabitant tax ่‡ช็”ฑไธป็พฉ(ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ)ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใŽliberalism ไธŠ็š‡(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ†)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ†Emperor Emeritus; retired emperor ๆƒ…ๅ‹ข(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„situation, state of affairs ไธŠๅฅ(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†report to the throne; memorial to the emperor ๅธธไปป็†ไบ‹ๅ›ฝ(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“ใ‚Šใ˜ใ“ใ)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“ใ‚Šใ˜ใ“ใpermanent member (of the UN Security Council) ๆกไพ‹(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Œใ„)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Œใ„ordinance; regulation; bylaw ๅ™ๅ‹ฒ(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใใ‚“)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใใ‚“conferring a decoration; awarding an order ๅŠฉๆˆ(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„ใ™ใ‚‹to subsidize; to grant aid; to provide financial assistance ๅฅณๅธ(ใ˜ใ‚‡ใฆใ„)ใ˜ใ‚‡ใฆใ„empress (reigning); powerful woman ้™ฃไธญ่ฆ‹่ˆž(ใ˜ใ‚“ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฟใพ)ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฟใพใ„morale visit; encouragement gift ไบบๆฐ‘(ใ˜ใ‚“ใฟใ‚“)ใ˜ใ‚“ใฟใ‚“the people; populace; citizens ๆŽจ้€ฒๆดพ(ใ™ใ„ใ—ใ‚“ใฏ)ใ™ใ„ใ—ใ‚“ใฏthe pro-promotion camp; advocates; those pushing for ๆฐด้ขไธ‹(ใ™ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‹)ใ™ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‹below the surface; behind the scenes ๅˆถ่ฃ(ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ„)ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ„sanction, punishment ๆ”ฟ็ญ–(ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ)ใ›ใ„ใ•ใpolicy, political measures ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„(ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใฆใ)ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใฆใpolitical ๆ”ฟๆฒป็Šฏ(ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใฏใ‚“)ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใฏใ‚“political prisoner; political offense ๆญฃๅธธๅŒ–(ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹)ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹normalization; restoration to normal ๆ”ฟๅ…š(ใ›ใ„ใจใ†)ใ›ใ„ใจใ†political party ๆ”ฟๅ…š(ใ›ใ„ใจใ†)ๆ”ฟๆฒป(ใ›ใ„ใ˜)ใ›ใ„ใจใ†ใ›ใ„ใ˜party politics; party-based government ๅ‹ขๅŠ›(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใpower; influence; force ๅ‹ขๅŠ›ๅœ(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ‘ใ‚“)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใ‘ใ‚“sphere of influence ๅ‹ขๅŠ›ๅ›ณ(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใš)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใšpower map; balance-of-power diagram ๅ‹ขๅŠ›็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใฏใ‚“ใ„)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใใฏใ‚“ใ„sphere of influence; territory ๆ”ฟไปค(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ„)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ„government ordinance, cabinet order ๆธ…ๅป‰ๆฝ”็™ฝ(ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‘ใฃใฑใ)ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‘ใฃใฑใupright and incorruptible ไธ–่ซ–(ใ›ใ‚ใ‚“)ใ›ใ‚ใ‚“public opinion ๅฐ‚ๆจช(ใ›ใ‚“ใŠใ†)ใ›ใ‚“ใŠใ†despotism; arrogance; arbitrariness ้ธๆŒ™้‹ๅ‹•(ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†)ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†election campaign; electioneering ้ธๆŒ™ๅŒบ(ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ)ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใelectoral district; constituency ้ธๆŒ™ๆจฉ(ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ‘ใ‚“right to vote, suffrage ้ธๆŒ™ๆˆฆ(ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ›ใ‚“)ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ›ใ‚“election campaign; electoral race ๅฎฃ่จ€(ใ›ใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ›ใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to declare; to proclaim ๅ…ˆ้€ฒ(ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“)ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“advanced; leading; pioneering ๅฐ‚ๅˆถ(ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„)ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„despotism, autocracy, tyranny ๅฐ‚ๅˆถๆ”ฟๆฒป(ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ˜)ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ›ใ„ใ˜despotism; autocratic rule ้ท้ƒฝ(ใ›ใ‚“ใจ)ใ›ใ‚“ใจtransfer of the capital; moving the capital ๆ‰‡ๅ‹•(ใ›ใ‚“ใฉใ†)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ›ใ‚“ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹to agitate; to incite; to instigate ๆˆฆๆ•—ๅ›ฝ(ใ›ใ‚“ใฑใ„ใ“ใ)ใ›ใ‚“ใฑใ„ใ“ใdefeated nation; loser country (in a war) ๆˆฆ็•ฅ็š„(ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใใฆใ)ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใใฆใstrategic ๅ ้ ˜ๅœฐ(ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใก)ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใกoccupied territory; occupied land; conquered area ็จŽๅˆถ(ใœใ„ใ›ใ„)ใœใ„ใ›ใ„tax system; taxation system ็จŽ็އ(ใœใ„ใ‚Šใค)ใœใ„ใ‚Šใคtax rate ๅ…จไผšไธ€่‡ด(ใœใ‚“ใ‹ใ„ใ„ใฃใก)ใœใ‚“ใ‹ใ„ใ„ใฃใกunanimous, unanimity ๅ…จๆจฉ(ใœใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“)ใœใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“full authority; full powers ็ทๆ„(ใใ†ใ„)ใใ†ใ„consensus; collective will ็ท่ฃ(ใใ†ใ•ใ„)ใใ†ใ•ใ„president (of a party or organization) ็ท่พž่ท(ใใ†ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใ)ใใ†ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใmass resignation; en bloc resignation (of a cabinet) ็ท้ธๆŒ™(ใใ†ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡)ใใ†ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡general election ้จ’ไนฑ(ใใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚“)ใใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚“disturbance; riot; civil unrest ็ท็†(ใใ†ใ‚Š)ใใ†ใ‚Šprime minister ็ท็†ๅคง่‡ฃ(ใใ†ใ‚Šใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“)ใใ†ใ‚Šใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“Prime Minister ็ถšๆŠ•(ใžใใจใ†)ใžใใจใ†staying on, continuing in a role

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้€€ไฝ(ใŸใ„ใ„)ใŸใ„ใ„abdication; stepping down from the throne ๅพ…ๆฉŸๅ…็ซฅ(ใŸใ„ใใ˜ใฉใ†)ใŸใ„ใใ˜ใฉใ†children on daycare waiting lists ๅฏพๆŠ—็ญ–(ใŸใ„ใ“ใ†ใ•ใ)ใŸใ„ใ“ใ†ใ•ใcountermeasure; counter-strategy ๅคงๅ‹(ใŸใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใŸใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†sweeping victory; landslide win ไป–ๅ›ฝ(ใŸใ“ใ)ใŸใ“ใanother country; foreign country ๅคšๆ•ฐๆดพ(ใŸใ™ใ†ใฏ)ใŸใ™ใ†ใฏmajority, majority faction ๆฃšไธŠ(ใŸใชใ‚)ใ’ใŸใชใ‚ใ’shelving; tabling; setting aside ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜(ใ ใ„ใจใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†)ใ ใ„ใจใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†president (of a country) ๅคงๅŒๅ›ฃ็ต(ใ ใ„ใฉใ†ใ ใ‚“ใ‘ใค)ใ ใ„ใฉใ†ใ ใ‚“ใ‘ใคuniting for a common cause; joining forces ไปฃ่กจๅ›ฃ(ใ ใ„ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ‚“)ใ ใ„ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ‚“delegation ๅฅชๅ–(ใ ใฃใ—ใ‚…)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใฃใ—ใ‚…ใ™ใ‚‹to seize; to capture; to take by force ๅผพๅœง(ใ ใ‚“ใ‚ใค)ใ ใ‚“ใ‚ใคoppression; suppression; crackdown ๅผพๅŠพ(ใ ใ‚“ใŒใ„)ใ ใ‚“ใŒใ„impeachment; denunciation; accusation ๆ–ญไบค(ใ ใ‚“ใ“ใ†)ใ ใ‚“ใ“ใ†severing of relations; breaking off ties ๅœฐๅŸŸๆŒฏ่ˆˆ(ใกใ„ใใ—ใ‚“ใ“ใ†)ใกใ„ใใ—ใ‚“ใ“ใ†regional development; community revitalization ้…้€ฒ(ใกใ—ใ‚“)ใกใ—ใ‚“backwardness; lagging behind; slow progress ๅœฐๆ–น่‡ชๆฒป(ใกใปใ†ใ˜ใก)ใกใปใ†ใ˜ใกlocal self-government; local autonomy ๅœฐๆ–น่‡ชๆฒปไฝ“(ใกใปใ†ใ˜ใกใŸใ„)ใกใปใ†ใ˜ใกใŸใ„local government; municipality ๅœฐๆ–นๅ‰ต็”Ÿ(ใกใปใ†ใใ†ใ›ใ„)ใกใปใ†ใใ†ใ›ใ„regional revitalization; local revitalization ไธญ้“(ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†)ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†middle way; moderate position; centrism ไธญ็ซ‹(ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใค)ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใคneutrality, neutral ้ง็•™(ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†)ใ™ใ‚‹ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹to be stationed (of military forces) ้•ทๅฎ˜(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“)ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“director-general; secretary (head of a government agency) ๅบ่ˆŽ(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒgovernment office building ๅพด็จŽ(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใœใ„)ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใœใ„tax collection; levying taxes ่ถ…ๅคงๅ›ฝ(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใŸใ„ใ“ใ)ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใŸใ„ใ“ใsuperpower (nation) ่ซœๅ ฑ(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใปใ†)ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใปใ†espionage; intelligence ็›ด่ฝ„ๅœฐ(ใกใ‚‡ใฃใ‹ใคใก)ใกใ‚‡ใฃใ‹ใคใกdirectly controlled territory; directly administered land ่ฟฝๅŠ (ใคใ„ใ‹)ไบˆ็ฎ—(ใ‚ˆใ•ใ‚“)ใคใ„ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ•ใ‚“additional budget; supplementary budget ่ฟฝๅŠ(ใคใ„ใใ‚…ใ†)ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ„ใใ‚…ใ†to press for answers; to pursue (responsibility); to hold accountable ็ถฑๅผ•(ใคใชใฒ)ใใคใชใฒใtug-of-war; power struggle ๅธๅ›ฝ(ใฆใ„ใ“ใ)ใฆใ„ใ“ใempire ๆ•ตๅฏพ็š„(ใฆใใŸใ„ใฆใ)ใฆใใŸใ„ใฆใhostile; antagonistic; adversarial ใƒ†ใƒญใฆใ‚terrorism; terrorist attack ๅคฉไธ‹็ตฑไธ€(ใฆใ‚“ใ‹ใจใ†ใ„ใค)ใฆใ‚“ใ‹ใจใ†ใ„ใคunification of the country; national unification ่ปขๅ‘(ใฆใ‚“ใ“ใ†)ใฆใ‚“ใ“ใ†conversion; switching direction; change of allegiance ่ปข่ฆ†(ใฆใ‚“ใทใ)ใฆใ‚“ใทใoverturning; capsizing; toppling (a regime) ใƒ‡ใƒข่กŒ้€ฒ(ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚“)ใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚“demonstration march; protest march ๅ…šๅ“ก(ใจใ†ใ„ใ‚“)ใจใ†ใ„ใ‚“party member; member of a political party ็™ป่จ˜็ฐฟ(ใจใ†ใใผ)ใจใ†ใใผregistry; register; official record book ๅฝ“ๅฑ€(ใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ)ใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใthe authorities, the bureau ็ญ”็”ณ(ใจใ†ใ—ใ‚“)ใจใ†ใ—ใ‚“formal report; official reply to an inquiry ๆŠ•(ใจใ†)ใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใ†ใ˜ใ‚‹to throw in; to invest; to cast (a vote) ็ตฑๅˆถ(ใจใ†ใ›ใ„)ใจใ†ใ›ใ„control; regulation; coordination ๅฝ“้ธ(ใจใ†ใ›ใ‚“)ใจใ†ใ›ใ‚“winning (lottery/election) ๅ…šๅคงไผš(ใจใ†ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ„)ใจใ†ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ„party convention; party congress ็ตฑๆฒป่€…(ใจใ†ใกใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใจใ†ใกใ—ใ‚ƒruler; governor; sovereign ๅ…šๅ†…(ใจใ†ใชใ„)ใจใ†ใชใ„within the party; intra-party ๅ…šๆดพ(ใจใ†ใฏ)ใจใ†ใฏpolitical faction; party; partisan group ๆŠ•็ฅจๆจฉ(ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“)ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“right to vote; voting rights; suffrage ๆŠ•็ฅจๆ‰€(ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡polling place; voting station ๆŠ•็ฅจ็އ(ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใค)ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใคvoter turnout; voting rate ้€ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–(ใจใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ‹)ใจใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ‹making transparent; transparency; increased openness ็™ป้Œฒ(ใจใ†ใ‚ใ)็•ชๅท(ใฐใ‚“ใ”ใ†)ใจใ†ใ‚ใใฐใ‚“ใ”ใ†registration number ่จŽ่ซ–(ใจใ†ใ‚ใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ†ใ‚ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to debate; to discuss; to argue ็‰นไฝฟ(ใจใใ—)ใจใใ—special envoy; special emissary ๅพ—็ฅจๆ•ฐ(ใจใใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ†)ใจใใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ†number of votes received; vote tally ็‰นๅ‘ฝๅ…จๆจฉๅคงไฝฟ(ใจใใ‚ใ„ใœใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“ใŸใ„ใ—)ใจใใ‚ใ„ใœใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“ใŸใ„ใ—ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary ้ƒฝๅธ‚่จˆ็”ป(ใจใ—ใ‘ใ„ใ‹ใ)ใจใ—ใ‘ใ„ใ‹ใurban planning; city planning ๅฑŠๅ‡บๆ›ธ(ใจใฉใ‘ใงใ—ใ‚‡)ใจใฉใ‘ใงใ—ใ‚‡notification form; official written notice ๅ‹•่ญฐ(ใฉใ†ใŽ)ใฉใ†ใŽmotion (parliamentary) ๅŒ็›Ÿๅ›ฝ(ใฉใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ“ใ)ใฉใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ“ใallied nation; ally country ็‹ฌ่ฃ(ใฉใใ•ใ„)ใฉใใ•ใ„dictatorship; autocracy ็‹ฌ่ฃๅˆถ(ใฉใใ•ใ„ใ›ใ„)ใฉใใ•ใ„ใ›ใ„dictatorship; autocracy ็‹ฌ่ฃ็š„(ใฉใใ•ใ„ใฆใ)ใฉใใ•ใ„ใฆใdictatorial; autocratic ็‹ฌ็ซ‹(ใฉใใ‚Šใค)ใฉใใ‚Šใคindependence

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ๆดพ(ใฏ)ใฏfaction; school; group ้…ๅ‚™(ใฏใ„ใณ)ใฏใ„ใณdeployment; positioning; stationing ็™ฝๆ›ธ(ใฏใใ—ใ‚‡)ใฏใใ—ใ‚‡white paper, official report ็™ฝ็ฅจ(ใฏใใฒใ‚‡ใ†)ใฏใใฒใ‚‡ใ†blank ballot; (in the Diet) vote in favor ่ฆ‡่€…(ใฏใ—ใ‚ƒ)ใฏใ—ใ‚ƒchampion; conqueror; ruler; dominant figure ๅƒ(ใฏใŸใ‚‰)ใใ‹ใ‘ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใใ‹ใ‘effort, approach, appeal, initiative ๅƒ(ใฏใŸใ‚‰)ใๆ–น(ใ‹ใŸ)ๆ”น้ฉ(ใ‹ใ„ใ‹ใ)ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใใ‹ใŸใ‹ใ„ใ‹ใwork-style reform ็™บๅฑ•้€”ไธŠๅ›ฝ(ใฏใฃใฆใ‚“ใจใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ)ใฏใฃใฆใ‚“ใจใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใdeveloping country ็™บ่จ€ๆจฉ(ใฏใคใ’ใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“)ใฏใคใ’ใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“right to speak; voice; say ๆดพ้–ฅ(ใฏใฐใค)ใฏใฐใคfaction; clique ๆดพ้–ฅไบ‰(ใฏใฐใคใ‚ใ‚‰ใ)ใ„ใฏใฐใคใ‚ใ‚‰ใใ„factional strife; factional infighting ๅๆ——(ใฏใ‚“ใ)ใฏใ‚“ใflag of rebellion; revolt ๅ้€†(ใฏใ‚“ใŽใ‚ƒใ)ใฏใ‚“ใŽใ‚ƒใrebellion; revolt; treason ๅ้€†็š„(ใฏใ‚“ใŽใ‚ƒใใฆใ)ใฏใ‚“ใŽใ‚ƒใใฆใrebellious; treasonous; subversive ่—ฉไธป(ใฏใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…)ใฏใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…feudal lord; domain lord; daimyล of a han ๅๆˆฆ(ใฏใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“)ใฏใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“anti-war; opposition to war ๅๅฏพๅ…š(ใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„ใจใ†)ใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„ใจใ†opposition party ๅๅฏพๆดพ(ใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„ใฏ)ใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„ใฏopposition faction; opponents; those against ๅน•ๅบœ(ใฐใใต)ใฐใใตshogunate, military government ้–ฅ(ใฐใค)ใฐใคclique; faction; power group ้žๆ ธ(ใฒใ‹ใ)ใฒใ‹ใnon-nuclear; nuclear-free ้žๆ ธๅŒ–(ใฒใ‹ใใ‹)ใฒใ‹ใใ‹denuclearization ๅฆๆฑบ(ใฒใ‘ใค)ใฒใ‘ใคrejection; voting down ็ง˜ๆ›ธๅฎ˜(ใฒใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“)ใฒใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“secretary (to a high-ranking official); executive secretary ้žไบบ้“็š„(ใฒใ˜ใ‚“ใฉใ†ใฆใ)ใฒใ˜ใ‚“ใฉใ†ใฆใinhumane; against humanity ็ฝทๅ…(ใฒใ‚ใ‚“)ใฒใ‚ใ‚“dismissal; removal from office ็ฅจ(ใฒใ‚‡ใ†)ใฒใ‚‡ใ†vote, ballot ่กจ็พ(ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“)ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑ(ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†)ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“ใฎใ˜ใ‚†ใ†freedom of expression; freedom of speech ็ฅจๆ•ฐ(ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ†)ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ†number of votes; vote count ๆจ™ๆฆœ(ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใผใ†)ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใผใ†professing; advocating; claiming publicly ๆ—ฅๅ’Œ่ฆ‹(ใฒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฟ)ใฒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฟopportunism; fence-sitting; wait-and-see attitude ไธ่ตท่จด(ใตใใ)ใตใใnon-indictment; decision not to prosecute ไธไฟกไปป(ใตใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚“)ใตใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚“no confidence; lack of confidence ไธๆˆฆ(ใตใ›ใ‚“)ใตใ›ใ‚“non-combat; without fighting; by default ไธๆˆฆๆก็ด„(ใตใ›ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚„ใ)ใตใ›ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚„ใnon-aggression pact; anti-war treaty ่…ๆ•—(ใตใฏใ„)ใตใฏใ„decay; corruption; rot ๆ‰ถ้คŠ(ใตใ‚ˆใ†)ๆŽง้™ค(ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡)ใตใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡dependent deduction (income tax) ็ด›็ณพ(ใตใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†)ใตใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†complication; entanglement; confusion ็ด›ไบ‰(ใตใ‚“ใใ†)ใตใ‚“ใใ†conflict; dispute ๆญฆๅŠ›(ใถใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใถใ‚Šใ‚‡ใmilitary power, armed force ๆ–‡ๆฐ‘็ตฑๅˆถ(ใถใ‚“ใฟใ‚“ใจใ†ใ›ใ„)ใถใ‚“ใฟใ‚“ใจใ†ใ›ใ„civilian control (of the military) ไฝตๅˆ(ใธใ„ใ”ใ†)ใธใ„ใ”ใ†annexation; merger; consolidation ๅนณๅ’Œ็ถญๆŒๆดปๅ‹•(ใธใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ‹ใคใฉใ†)ใธใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ‹ใคใฉใ†peacekeeping operations; peacekeeping (PKO) ๅนณๅ’Œ้‹ๅ‹•(ใธใ„ใ‚ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†)ใธใ„ใ‚ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†peace movement; pacifist movement ๅนณๅ’Œไธป็พฉ(ใธใ„ใ‚ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ)ใธใ„ใ‚ใ—ใ‚…ใŽpacifism ็ฑณ(ในใ„)ในใ„America; the US (in compounds) ็ฑณ่ป(ในใ„ใใ‚“)ในใ„ใใ‚“U.S. military; U.S. forces ไพฟๅฎœ(ในใ‚“ใŽ)ใ‚’ๅ›ณ(ใฏใ‹)ใ‚‹ในใ‚“ใŽใ‚’ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹to provide accommodation; to arrange things conveniently ๆณ•ๆกˆ(ใปใ†ใ‚ใ‚“)ใปใ†ใ‚ใ‚“bill, proposed legislation ๅฐๅปบๅˆถ(ใปใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ›ใ„)ใปใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ›ใ„feudalism; feudal system ๆ–น้‡่ปขๆ›(ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“)ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“policy shift; change of direction ้‚ฆไบบ(ใปใ†ใ˜ใ‚“)ใปใ†ใ˜ใ‚“Japanese national (esp. abroad) ๅ ฑ้“(ใปใ†ใฉใ†)ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑ(ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†)ใปใ†ใฉใ†ใฎใ˜ใ‚†ใ†freedom of the press; press freedom ๅ ฑๅพฉ(ใปใ†ใตใ)ๆŽช็ฝฎ(ใใก)ใปใ†ใตใใใกretaliatory measures; reprisal ่จช็ฑณ(ใปใ†ในใ„)ใปใ†ในใ„visit to the United States; visiting America ่ฃœๆฌ ้ธๆŒ™(ใปใ‘ใคใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡)ใปใ‘ใคใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡by-election; special election (to fill a vacancy) ่ฃœไฝๅฎ˜(ใปใ•ใ‹ใ‚“)ใปใ•ใ‹ใ‚“aide; assistant officer; adviser ไฟๅฎˆ(ใปใ—ใ‚…)ใปใ—ใ‚…conservatism; maintenance ไฟๅฎˆๆดพ(ใปใ—ใ‚…ใฏ)ใปใ—ใ‚…ใฏconservatives; the conservative faction ่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘(ใปใ˜ใ‚‡ใใ‚“)ใปใ˜ใ‚‡ใใ‚“subsidy; grant ๆœฌๅ–ถ(ใปใ‚“ใˆใ„)ใปใ‚“ใˆใ„headquarters; main camp; base of operations ๆœฌๅ›ฝ(ใปใ‚“ใ”ใ)ใปใ‚“ใ”ใhome country; country of origin ๆœฌไธธ(ใปใ‚“ใพใ‚‹)ใปใ‚“ใพใ‚‹main enclosure of a castle; castle keep area ้˜ฒ่ก›ๅŠ›(ใผใ†ใˆใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ)ใผใ†ใˆใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใdefensive capability; defense strength ๆšดๆ”ฟ(ใผใ†ใ›ใ„)ใผใ†ใ›ใ„tyranny; despotic rule; oppressive government ไบกๅ‘ฝ(ใผใ†ใ‚ใ„)ใผใ†ใ‚ใ„exile, defection, seeking asylum

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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใพใ„ใชใ‚“ใฐใƒผใ‹ใƒผใฉMy Number Card (Japan's national ID card) ็ฆŠ(ใฟใใŽ)ใฟใใŽpurification ritual, ritual cleansing ๆฐ‘ๆ„(ใฟใ‚“ใ„)ใฟใ‚“ใ„public will; popular opinion ๆฐ‘ๅ–ถๅŒ–(ใฟใ‚“ใˆใ„ใ‹)ใฟใ‚“ใˆใ„ใ‹privatization ๆฐ‘ไธปๅŒ–(ใฟใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ‹)ใฟใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ‹democratization ๆฐ‘ไธป็š„(ใฟใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใฆใ)ใฟใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใฆใdemocratic ็„กๅ…šๆดพ(ใ‚€ใจใ†ใฏ)ใ‚€ใจใ†ใฏnonpartisan; independent (politically) ็„ก้ขจ(ใ‚€ใตใ†)ใ‚€ใตใ†calm; no wind; uneventful ่ฌ€ๅ(ใ‚€ใปใ‚“)ใ‚€ใปใ‚“rebellion; treason; revolt ๆ‘ๅฝนๅ ด(ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใใฐ)ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใใฐvillage office; village hall ใƒขใƒฉใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚€moratorium ๆ–‡้ƒจ็ง‘ๅญฆ(ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใถใ‹ใŒใ)ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใถใ‹ใŒใeducation and science (government portfolio) ๆ–‡้ƒจ็ง‘ๅญฆ็œ(ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใถใ‹ใŒใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใถใ‹ใŒใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†Ministry of Education (MEXT)

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่ฝ้ธ(ใ‚‰ใใ›ใ‚“)ใ‚‰ใใ›ใ‚“losing (election); not being selected ๆ‹‰่‡ด(ใ‚‰ใก)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใกใ™ใ‚‹to abduct; to kidnap ๅˆฉๅฎณ(ใ‚ŠใŒใ„)่ชฟๆ•ด(ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„)ใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„coordination of interests; balancing of interests ๅŠ›ๅญฆ(ใ‚ŠใใŒใ)ใ‚ŠใใŒใmechanics; dynamics ็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœ(ใ‚Šใฃใ“ใ†ใป)ใ‚Šใฃใ“ใ†ใปcandidacy, running for office ็ซ‹ๆณ•(ใ‚Šใฃใฝใ†)ใ‚Šใฃใฝใ†legislation; lawmaking ็ซ‹ๆณ•ๆจฉ(ใ‚Šใฃใฝใ†ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ‚Šใฃใฝใ†ใ‘ใ‚“legislative power; legislative authority ้›ขๅ(ใ‚Šใฏใ‚“)ใ‚Šใฏใ‚“defection; estrangement; turning against; breaking away ้›ขๅ(ใ‚Šใฏใ‚“)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚Šใฏใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹to defect; to turn against; to become estranged ้ ˜ๆตท(ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„)ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„territorial waters; territorial sea ้ ˜็ฉบ(ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†)ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†territorial airspace ไธกๅ›ฝ(ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ)ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใboth countries ้ ˜ไบ‹(ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜)ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜consul ้ ˜ๅœŸ(ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ)ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฉterritory; domain ๅ†ทๆˆฆ(ใ‚Œใ„ใ›ใ‚“)ใ‚Œใ„ใ›ใ‚“cold war; frosty standoff ้šทๅฑž(ใ‚Œใ„ใžใ)ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚Œใ„ใžใใ™ใ‚‹to be subservient to; to be enslaved; to be in servitude ๅˆ—ๅผท(ใ‚Œใฃใใ‚‡ใ†)ใ‚Œใฃใใ‚‡ใ†great powers, major nations ๅˆ—ๅ›ฝ(ใ‚Œใฃใ“ใ)ใ‚Œใฃใ“ใthe nations; the powers; countries of the world ้€ฃ้‚ฆ(ใ‚Œใ‚“ใฝใ†)ใ‚Œใ‚“ใฝใ†federation; federal ้€ฃ็›Ÿ(ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚ใ„)ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚ใ„league; federation; alliance ้€ฃ็ซ‹(ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚Šใค)ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚Šใคcoalition; alliance (especially of political parties) ้€ฃ็ซ‹ๆ”ฟๆจฉ(ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚Šใคใ›ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“)ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ‚Šใคใ›ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“coalition government ๅŠดๅƒ(ใ‚ใ†ใฉใ†)็ต„ๅˆ(ใใฟใ‚ใ„)ใ‚ใ†ใฉใ†ใใฟใ‚ใ„labor union; trade union ่ซ–ๅฎข(ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚ƒใ)ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚ƒใpundit; commentator; skilled debater ่ซ–ไบ‰็‚น(ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ†ใฆใ‚“)ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ†ใฆใ‚“point of contention; issue in dispute

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