1.
split, division, schism
A group, organization, or opinion breaking apart into opposing factions. Implies conflict or disagreement.
政党が分裂した。
The political party split.
意見の対立でチームが分裂した。
The team split apart due to conflicting opinions.
党内の分裂が深まり、選挙に大きな影響を与えた。
The internal party split deepened and had a major impact on the election.
2.
fission, cell division (biology)
The splitting of cells or atomic nuclei in scientific contexts.
細胞が分裂する。
The cells divide.
がん細胞は通常の細胞より速く分裂する。
Cancer cells divide faster than normal cells.
核分裂によって莫大なエネルギーが放出される。
Enormous energy is released through nuclear fission.
Compound of 分 (to divide) + 裂 (to tear, to rip). Carries a stronger, more negative connotation than 分割.
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 分裂する (to split, to divide)
- 政党の分裂 (party split)
- 細胞分裂 (cell division)
- 核分裂 (nuclear fission)
- 分裂状態 (state of division)
- 国の分裂 (national division)
DISTINCTIONS:
- 分裂: splitting apart with conflict or natural force; often negative
- 分割: deliberate, controlled division into parts
- 分離: separation of connected elements; more neutral